ElizabethanDrama.org
presents the Annotated Popular Edition of |
FRIAR
BACON and FRIAR BUNGAY |
by
Robert Greene c. 1590 Featuring complete and
easy-to-read annotations. Annotations and notes © Copyright ElizabethanDrama.org, 2018 |
DRAMATIS PERSONAE |
INTRODUCTION to the
PLAY |
|
King Henry The Third. |
Robert Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar
Bungay may be |
|
Edward,
Prince Of Wales, his Son. |
thought of as a
companion-play to Christopher Marlowe's |
|
Ralph
Simnell, The King’s Fool. |
Doctor Faustus: the protagonist in each drama is a sorcerer |
|
Lacy,
Earl Of Lincoln. |
who conjures devils
and impresses audiences with great |
|
Warren,
Earl Of Sussex. |
feats of magic. Friar
Bacon is, however, a superior and |
|
Ermsby,
a Gentleman. |
much more interesting
play, containing as it does the |
|
secondary plot of
Prince Edward and his pursuit of the fair |
||
Friar Bacon. |
maiden Margaret. Look
out also for the appearance of one |
|
Miles,
Friar Bacon’s Poor Scholar. |
of Elizabethan drama's
most famous stage props, the giant |
|
Friar Bungay. |
talking brass head. |
|
Emperor of Germany. |
OUR PLAY'S SOURCE |
|
King of Castile. |
||
Princess Elinor, Daughter to the King
of Castile. |
The text of the play is adapted
primarily from the 1876 |
|
Jaques Vandermast, A German Magician. |
edition of Greene's
plays edited by Alexander Dyce, but in |
|
some cases I
reinstated the language of the original 1594 |
||
Doctors of Oxford: |
quarto which Dyce,
generally a very careful editor, changed. |
|
Burden. |
||
Mason. |
NOTES ON THE
ANNOTATIONS |
|
Clement. |
||
Mentions made in the annotations of
Dyce, Ward, |
||
Lambert, a Gentleman. |
Collins, Seltzer and
Nimmo refer to the commentary of these |
|
1st
Scholar, Lambert's Son. |
scholars in their
editions of our play. Mention of Sugden |
|
Serlsby,
a Gentleman. |
refers to the entries
in his valuable Topographical |
|
2nd
Scholar, Serlsby's Son. |
Dictionary. |
|
The most commonly cited sources are
listed in the |
||
Keeper.
|
footnotes immediately
below. The complete list of footnotes |
|
Margaret,
the Keeper’s Daughter. |
appears at the end of
this play. |
|
Thomas,
a Clown. |
Footnotes in the text correspond as
follows: |
|
Richard,
a Clown. |
1. Oxford English Dictionary
(OED) online. |
|
Hostess
of The Bell at Henley |
2. Crystal, David and Ben. Shakespeare's
Words. |
|
Joan, a
Country Wench. |
London; New York:
Penguin, 2002. |
|
3. Dyce, Alexander. The Works of
Christopher Marlowe. |
||
Constable. |
London: George
Routledge and Sons, 1876. |
|
A Post.
|
4. Ward, Adolphus William, ed. Old
English Dramas, |
|
Select Plays. Oxford: The Clarendon press, 1892. |
||
Spirit in the shape of Hercules. |
5. Collins, J. Churton. The Plays and
Poems of Robert |
|
A Devil. |
Greene. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1905. |
|
6. Seltzer, Daniel. Friar Bacon and
Friar Bungay. |
||
Lords, Clowns, etc. |
Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 1963. |
|
7. Nimmo, William P. The Works of the
British |
||
Dramatists. Edinburgh: Murray and Gibb, 1870. |
||
8. Dickinson, Thomas H. Robert Greene.
London: T. |
||
Fisher Unwin, 1909?. |
||
9. Sugden, Edward. A Topographical
Dictionary to |
||
the Works of Shakespeare and His
Fellow Dramatists. |
||
Manchester: The
University Press, 1925. |
||
15. Henke, James T. Courtesans and
Cuckolds. New |
||
York: Garland
Publishing, 1979. |
||
A. Greene's Source For the Play. |
||
Greene's source for the Friar Bacon
plotline was a storybook written sometime in the late 16th century, The
Famous History of the Learned Friar Bacon. This fable includes most of
the major elements appearing in our play relating to Bacon's magic and
household, including his contest with the German magician Vandermast, his
servant Miles, and the famous Brazen (brass) Head. |
||
This source is referred to simply as the
History in the annotations. |
||
B. The Real Friar
Bacon |
||
Roger Bacon (1214?-1294) was a
real English philosopher, cleric and writer. A great student of science and
knowledge, Bacon studied at Oxford, then relocated to Paris, where tradition
has it that he taught at the university. He returned to England and Oxford as
a resident scholar from 1250; at some point he ran into trouble with the
monks of the Franciscan order, which he is surmised to have joined somewhere
along the line (hence the appellation Friar Bacon), though details are
lacking. The Franciscans sent him back to Paris in 1257, and he was kept
under restraint for a decade, unable to work or even write. The appointment
of Clement IV, who seems to have held in Bacon in favour, as pope in 1265
allowed Bacon to escape his restrictions; he returned to Oxford in 1268. |
||
Bacon went on to write extensively,
eventually completing an encyclopedic summary of all the knowledge of the
13th century. From 1278 Bacon once again entered a period of confinement,
condemned by the Franciscans for some of his writings which criticized the
church, yet the exact length of his imprisonment is unclear. After his
release, he returned yet again to Oxford, where he was believed to have died
in about 1294. |
||
During his career, Bacon was believed to
have dabbled in alchemy, and perhaps even the black arts, and it was in these
fields that his reputation grew, unfortunately overshadowing, really
occluding completely, his contributions to knowledge and science for several
centuries. |
||
A student of Aristotle, Roger Bacon was
one of the earliest European proponents of experimental research. His
writings are also notable for including detailed descriptions for the
production of gunpowder, and fanciful proposals for the development of motorized
vehicles and flying machines.38 |
||
The information in the
first three paragraphs of this article was adapted from the Encyclopedia
Britannica of 1911 and the Dictionary of National Biography,
published 1885-1900. |
||
THE HONOURABLE HISTORY |
||
of FRIAR BACON and FRIAR
BUNGAY |
||
by Robert Greene |
||
c. 1590 |
||
SCENE I. |
||
Near Framlingham. |
The Scene: the town of Framlingham, located 87
miles north-east of London, is in the county of Suffolk; the original edition
of Friar Bacon wrote the name as Fremingham. |
|
Enter Prince Edward,
malcontented, with Lacy, Warren, Ermsby and Ralph Simnell. |
Entering Characters: Prince Edward (c.1239-1307) is
the Prince of Wales, the eldest son and heir to Henry III of England. Lacy
and Warren are the Earls of Lincoln and Sussex respectively, Ermsby
is a gentleman, and Ralph Simnell is the royal family's jester. |
|
1 |
Lacy. Why looks my lord like to a troubled sky |
1ff: the earls,
with Ermsby, speak apart, as the clearly |
2 |
When Heaven's bright shine is shadowed
with a fog? |
2: ie. "such as
when the brightness of the sky or sun is |
Alate we ran the deer, and
through the lawnds |
3-5: "we just (alate)
hunted deer, and across the clearings |
|
4 |
Stripped
with our nags the lofty frolic bucks |
(lawnds) outran (stripped)
with our horses the proud |
That scudded 'fore the teasers
like the wind: |
(lofty) and playful (frolic)
bucks that ran swiftly |
|
6 |
Ne'er was
the deer of merry Fressingfield |
6: Ne'er was
= "never before were". |
So lustily pulled down by jolly mates, |
7: "so agreeably
or vigorously successfully hunted (pulled |
|
8 |
Nor shared the farmers such fat venison, |
8: the royal hunters
turned over their game to the local |
So frankly dealt, this hundred years
before; |
9: "so generously
(frankly)1 bestowed, not for the last |
|
10 |
Nor have |
|
I seen my lord more frolic in the
chase, |
= joyful. = a hunt. |
|
12 |
And now changed to a melancholy dump. |
= state of low
feelings or depression. |
14 |
Warr. After the prince got to the Keeper's lodge, |
= the Keeper
refers to the gamekeeper of the royal forest. |
And had been jocund in the house
awhile, |
= cheerful. = ie. the Keeper's lodge. |
|
16 |
Tossing off
ale and milk in country cans, |
= heartily drinking.1 = from
rustic drinking vessels. |
Whether it was the country's sweet content, |
17-20: Warren
speculates as to the reason for the prince's |
|
18 |
Or else the bonny damsel filled
us drink |
= beautiful.1 = ie.
who poured or served. |
That seemed so stately in her stammel
red, |
= dignified.1 =
red-dyed clothes; stammel originally |
|
20 |
Or that a qualm did cross his stomach
then, |
= nausea. |
But straight he fell into his passiöns. |
= immediately. = affliction.1 |
|
22 |
||
Erms. Sirrah Ralph, what say you to your
master, |
23-24: Ermsby
addresses the prince's jester, Ralph; sirrah |
|
24 |
Shall he thus all amort live
malcontent? |
was a common term of
address towards one's inferiors. |
26 |
Ralph. Hearest thou, Ned? − Nay, look if he will |
26: Ralph addresses
Edward, calling him Ned. When the |
speak to me! |
prince does not
respond, Ralph turns and speaks to the |
|
28 |
nobles. |
|
Pr. Edw.
What say'st thou to
me, fool? |
||
30 |
||
Ralph. I prithee, tell me, Ned, art
thou in love with |
= alternate form of
"I pray thee", ie. "please". |
|
32 |
the Keeper's daughter? |
|
34 |
Pr. Edw.
How if I be, what
then? |
|
36 |
Ralph. Why, then, sirrah, I'll teach thee how to |
|
deceive Love. |
= Love is
personified; one can conceive of Love as Cupid, |
|
38 |
the boy-god who causes others to fall in
love. |
|
Pr. Edw.
How, Ralph? |
||
40 |
||
Ralph. Marry, Sirrah Ned, thou
shall put on my cap |
41: Marry
= a common oath, used frequently in our play, |
|
42 |
and my coat and my dagger, and I will
put on thy |
particularly by Ralph and Friar Bacon's
servant Miles. |
clothes and thy sword; and so
thou shalt be my fool. |
41-42: my cap and my coat
= a jester's outfit usually |
|
44 |
included an outlandish cap (called a
fool's-cap), |
|
Pr. Edw.
And what of this? |
||
46 |
||
Ralph. Why, so thou shalt beguile Love; for Love is |
= in this way. = deceive. |
|
48 |
such a proud scab, that he will never
meddle with |
48: scab
= scoundrel.2 |
fools nor children. Is not Ralph's counsel
good, Ned? |
48-49: he will…children
= by dressing as Ralph, |
|
50 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Tell me, Ned Lacy,
didst thou mark the maid, |
51: Ned Lacy
= while the Lacy clan held the earlship of |
|
52 |
How lovely in her country weeds
she looked? |
52: lovely
= originally written as lively, but the editors |
A bonnier wench all Suffolk
cannot yield: − |
= more attractive or
splendid gal. = Suffolk county,
as |
|
54 |
All Suffolk! nay, all England holds none such. |
we have noted, is the county in which
Fressingfield and |
Framlingham are situated. |
||
56 |
Ralph. Sirrah Will Ermsby, Ned
is deceived. |
|
58 |
Erms. Why, Ralph? |
|
60 |
Ralph. He says all England hath no such, and I |
|
say, and I'll stand to it, there is one
better in |
= ie. "stand by
my position". |
|
62 |
Warwickshire. |
= another English
county, located in central-England, due |
west of Suffolk. |
||
64 |
Warren.
How provest thou that,
Ralph? |
|
66 |
Ralph. Why, is not the abbot a learned man, and |
= ie. the abbot of
Warwickshire, but no particular individual |
hath read many books, and thinkest thou he
hath not |
67-68: thinkest…wench
= on its face, "do you think the |
|
68 |
more learning than thou to choose a bonny
wench? |
abbot, with his
education, is not more qualified to identify a beautiful woman?", but
this seems a rather lame interpretation. Seltzer persuasively argues the line
is ruder, suggesting "don't you think the abbot, being more educated
than you, is in proportion therefore more lecherous than you are?" |
Yes, warrant I thee, by his whole
grammar. |
69: warrant I
thee = "I assure you". |
|
70 |
by his whole grammar =
"by his education", ie. "I swear on his education"; Ralph
means this as an oath, by having the same generic meaning as "I
swear on (something)". |
|
Erms. A good reason, Ralph. |
||
72 |
||
Pr. Edw.
I tell thee, Lacy,
that her sparkling eyes |
||
74 |
Do lighten forth sweet love's alluring
fire; |
= emit or flash out,
like lightning.2 |
And in her tresses
she doth fold the looks |
= locks. = hide, envelop. |
|
76 |
Of such as gaze upon her golden hair: |
= the sense is
"those who". |
Her bashful white, mixed with the morning's red, |
77: Her bashful
white = an allusion to Margaret's pale skin, |
|
78 |
Luna doth boast upon her lovely cheeks; |
= ie. "the moon
proudly displays or reflects". |
Her front is beauty's table,
where she paints |
= face. = canvas.2 = ie. personified Beauty. |
|
80 |
The glories of her gorgeous excellence. |
|
Her teeth are shelves of precious margarites, |
= (like) underwater
ledges or banks. = pearls.1 |
|
82 |
Richly enclosed with ruddy coral cleeves. |
= cliffs of red coral,
ie. her lips. |
Tush, Lacy, she is beauty's over-match, |
= she is superior to
Beauty in beauty. |
|
84 |
If thou survey'st her curious
imagery. |
= inspects or
carefully observes. = skilfully
wrought form. |
86 |
Lacy. I grant, my lord, the damsel is as fair |
|
As simple Suffolk's homely towns can
yield. |
= humble.2 |
|
88 |
But in the court be quainter
dames than she, |
= there are. = more elegant or courtly.1,4 |
Whose faces are enriched with honour's taint, |
89: "whose faces
are made richer with the hue (taint, ie. tint) |
|
90 |
Whose beauties stand upon the stage of fame, |
90: the beauty of
these women is known far and wide; a nice |
And vaunt their trophies in the courts of
love. |
91: and brag about
their amorous conquests. |
|
92 |
||
Pr. Edw. Ah, Ned, but hadst thou watch'd her as myself, |
= "as I
did". |
|
94 |
And seen the secret beauties of the
maid, |
= Ward suggests Edward
is referring simply to Margaret's |
Their courtly coyness were
but foolery. |
95: Edward dismisses
the ladies of the court, critically |
|
96 |
describing the manner in which they
feign modesty as |
|
Erms. Why, how watched you her, my lord? |
||
98 |
||
Pr. Edw. Whenas
she swept like Venus through the house, |
= when. = moved in a stately manner.1 = the
goddess of |
|
100 |
And in her shape fast folded up my thoughts, |
100: "and I
became absorbed in thinking about her good |
Into the milk-house went I with the
maid, |
= dairy, store-room
for milk.1 |
|
102 |
And there amongst the cream-bowls she did
shine |
|
As Pallas 'mongst her princely huswifery: |
103: Margaret is
compared to the goddess Athena or |
|
104 |
She turned her smock over her lily
arms, |
104: smock
= a term applied generally to a woman's |
And dived them into milk to run her
cheese; |
105: ie. "and
plunged her hands into the milk, in order to |
|
106 |
But whiter than the milk her crystal skin, |
106: Edward is
obsessed with the whiteness of Margaret's |
Checkèd with lines of azure, made her blush |
107: Checked
with lines of azure = imbued with blue colour |
|
108 |
That art or nature durst bring for compare. |
by her veins. |
Ermsby, |
||
110 |
If thou hadst seen, as I did note it well, |
|
How beauty played the huswife, how this girl, |
||
112 |
Like Lucrece, laid her fingers to the
work, |
112: Lucrece,
or Lucretia, was a famously virtuous Roman matron; one night, a small
group of men, which included Lucretia's husband Lucius Collatinus and the
sons of the Roman king Tarquinius, argued about whose wife possessed the most
virtue; deciding to settle the question immediately, they rode from their
military camp and went to surprise their wives to see what they were doing in
the middle of the night; while the king's sons found their wives feasting,
Lucius found his wife Lucretia spinning with her maids, thus winning the bet.
Edward is therefore comparing Margaret's virtuous domestic qualities with
Lucretia's. |
Thou wouldst, with Tarquin, hazard Rome
and all |
113: Sextus
Tarquinius, the son of Tarquinius Superbus |
|
114 |
To win the lovely maid of Fressingfield. |
(the evil seventh king
of Rome), was smitten with Lucretia's beauty; later, after the incident described
in the note of line 112 above had taken place, Sextus returned to Lucius'
home and raped her. Lucretia killed herself rather than live with her shame.
Before doing so, however, she informed her husband and father of what
happened, and in revenge her relatives precipitated a revolution which
overthrew the Roman kings and established the Roman Republic. |
116 |
Ralph. Sirrah, Ned, wouldst fain have her? |
= ie. "you like
to". |
118 |
Pr. Edw.
Ay, Ralph. |
|
120 |
Ralph. Why, Ned, I have laid the plot in my head; |
= concocted a plan. |
thou shalt have her already. |
= at once.4 |
|
122 |
||
Pr. Edw.
I'll give thee a new
coat, an learn me that. |
= "if you teach
or instruct me how to accomplish that." |
|
124 |
||
Ralph. Why, Sirrah Ned, we'll ride to Oxford to |
= the university at
which Friar Bacon lives and teaches. |
|
126 |
Friar Bacon: O, he is a brave scholar,
sirrah; they say |
= excellent. |
he is a brave necromancer, that he can
make women |
= splendid sorcerer;
strictly speaking, a necromancer is one |
|
128 |
of devils, and he can juggle cats into costermongers. |
= ie. turn,
transform. = apple-sellers. |
130 |
Pr. Edw.
And how then, Ralph? |
130: "what
follows?" |
132 |
Ralph. Marry, sirrah, thou shalt go to him: and |
|
because
thy father Harry shall not miss thee, he shall |
= ie. so that. = ie. Henry III. |
|
134 |
turn me into thee; and I'll to the
court, and I'll prince |
134: I'll to
= ie. "I'll go to". |
it out; and he shall make thee either a
silken purse |
= "turn you
into". |
|
136 |
full of gold, or else a fine wrought smock. |
= finely made lady's
undergarment. |
138 |
Pr. Edw.
But how shall I have
the maid? |
= ie. get. |
140 |
Ralph. Marry, sirrah, if thou be'st a silken purse full |
|
of gold, then on Sundays she'll hang thee by
her |
141-2: she'll
hang…side = purses of money were tied to |
|
142 |
side, and you must not say a word. Now, sir,
when |
|
she comes into a great prease of
people, for fear of |
= press, ie. crush or
crowd.1 |
|
144 |
the cutpurse, on a sudden she'll swap
thee into her |
144: cutpurse
= a pick-pocket who subtly snipped the |
plackerd;
then, sirrah, being there, you may plead for |
145-6: you may
plead for yourself = "you will have to |
|
146 |
yourself. |
argue or beg for yourself": the
sense is suggestive and |
humorous, "you are on your
own." |
||
148 |
Erms. Excellent policy! |
|
150 |
Pr. Edw.
But how if I be a wrought smock? |
150: ie. "but
what if I am transformed into a smock instead |
152 |
Ralph. Then she'll put thee into her chest and lay |
152-3: lay thee
in lavender = slang for "put you away for |
thee into lavender, and upon some good day
she'll |
later use".1 |
|
154 |
put thee on; and at night when you go to bed,
then |
|
being turned from a smock to a man, you may
make |
155-6: make up
the match = get engaged to be married.1 |
|
156 |
up the match. |
|
158 |
Lacy. Wonderfully wisely
counselled, Ralph. |
|
160 |
Pr. Edw.
Ralph shall have a new
coat. |
|
162 |
Ralph. God thank you when I have it on my back, |
162: wryly, "I'll
gladly thank you for it when I see it." |
Ned. |
||
164 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Lacy, the fool hath laid
a perfect plot, |
= has come up with a
great scheme. |
|
166 |
For why
our country Margaret is so coy, |
166: For why
= because. |
And stands so much upon her honest
points, |
167: ie. "and
insists on remaining chaste" (honest = chaste). |
|
168 |
That marriage or no market with the maid
− |
168: ie. "it's
either marriage or no deal with her"; Edward of |
Ermsby, it must be necromantic spells |
||
170 |
And charms of art that must enchain her
love, |
= the occult. |
Or else shall Edward never win the girl. |
||
172 |
Therefore, my wags, we'll horse us
in the morn, |
= lads. = ie. "mount our horses". |
And post to Oxford to this jolly
friar: |
= ride speedily.1 = gay
or merry; the phrase jolly friar |
|
174 |
Bacon shall by his magic do this deed. |
appears eight times in our play, and frolic
friar is thrown |
176 |
Warr. Content, my lord; and that's a
speedy way |
= "very
well". |
To wean these headstrong puppies from the
teat. |
= a coarse metaphor
for teasing women away from their path |
|
178 |
||
Pr. Edw.
I am unknown, not
taken for the prince; |
179: there is no one
in Fressingfield who would recognize |
|
180 |
They only deem us frolic courtiers, |
180-1: the locals
would likely assume Edward's party to be |
That revel thus among our liege's game: |
an anonymous group of sportive (frolic)
members of |
|
182 |
Therefore I have devised a policy. |
= strategy. |
Lacy, thou know'st next Friday is Saint
James', |
183: next Friday
= this is the earliest appearance in English |
|
184 |
And then the country flocks to Harleston
fair; |
= Harleston is
a small town located only about 4 miles |
Then will the Keeper's daughter frolic
there, |
= enjoy herself; this
is already the third time Greene has |
|
186 |
And over-shine the troop of all the
maids |
186: "and
outshine (in beauty) all the other young ladies". |
That come to see and to be seen that day. |
||
188 |
Haunt thee disguised among
the country-swains, |
188: Edward wants Lacy
to attend the fair, but in some rustic |
Feign thou'rt a farmer's son, not far from
thence, |
189: "pretend you
are a farmer's son hailing not far from |
|
190 |
Espy her loves, and who she liketh best; |
= "observe her
tastes", ie. as to what or who she is |
Cote him, and court her to
control the clown; |
191: Lacy should
out-woo any young man Margaret seems |
|
192 |
Say that the courtier 'tirèd all
in green, |
= man
of the court. = "who was
attired"; pronounced TI-red. |
That helped her handsomely to run her
cheese, |
= skilfully.1 |
|
194 |
And filled her father's lodge with venison, |
|
Commends him, and sends fairings to herself. |
= sends his
regards. = gifts, especially those
purchased |
|
196 |
Buy something worthy of her parentage, |
= meaning "status
as the daughter of a mere gamekeeper". |
Not worth her beauty; for, Lacy, then the fair |
197: Not worth
her beauty = ie. but not too nice. |
|
198 |
Affords no jewèl fitting for the maid. |
197-8: the fair..maid
= the sense is, "there is nothing |
And when thou talk's
of me, note if she blush: |
||
200 |
O, then she loves; but if her cheeks wax
pale, |
= "then she loves
me." = grow. |
Disdain it is. Lacy, send how she fares, |
= ie. "then she
scorns me." = "send
news", or "let me |
|
202 |
And spare no time nor cost to win her loves. |
know". |
204 |
Lacy. I will, my lord, so execute this charge |
= responsibility. |
As if that Lacy were in love with her. |
205: an ironic line,
in view of later developments. |
|
206 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Send letters speedily
to Oxford of the news. |
||
208 |
||
Ralph. And, Sirrah Lacy, buy me a thousand |
||
210 |
thousand million of fine bells. |
|
212 |
Lacy. What wilt thou do with them, Ralph? |
|
214 |
Ralph. Marry, every time that Ned sighs for the |
|
Keeper's daughter, I'll tie a bell about him:
and so |
||
216 |
within three or four days I will send word to
his |
|
father Harry, that his son, and my master Ned,
is |
||
218 |
become Love's morris-dancer. |
= one who performs at
a morris dance, a traditional English |
dance performed on May
Day and during other festivals; the morris dancer was usually dressed as a
foolish character, often in a hobby horse (a figure of a horse worn about the
waist),1 and frequently wore bells.4 |
||
220 |
Pr. Edw.
Well, Lacy, look with
care unto thy charge, |
|
And I will haste to Oxford to the friar, |
||
222 |
That he by art and thou
by secret gifts |
= skill in witchcraft. |
Mayst make me lord of merry Fressingfield. |
||
224 |
||
Lacy. God send your honour your heart's desire. |
225: the line seems
short; Dyce posits changing the ending |
|
226 |
to all your heart's
desire, while Ward cites an earlier editor who suggests the second your
is disyllabic: you-er; on the other hand, speeches of single lines
regularly are in prose, even when spoken by characters who otherwise speak
mainly or solely in verse. Christopher Marlowe was particularly noted for
employing this tactic. |
|
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE II. |
||
Friar Bacon's cell at Brasenose. |
||
Enter Friar Bacon, |
Entering Characters: Friar
Bacon is Roger Bacon (1214?-1294), an English scientist and cleric. Some details
of his life are provided in the introductory sketch appearing at the
beginning of this edition. |
|
Miles is Bacon's
student-servant. According to Seltzer, as a penniless student, Miles receives
free tuition and board in return for his services. He plays the role of a
joker, or jester, to the serious Bacon. |
||
Burden, Mason
and Clement are scholars and leading administrators at Oxford.
As doctors, the three have received the highest degrees granted by the
university, qualifying them to be instructors. |
||
The scene begins with the three scholars
visiting Bacon in his study. |
||
1 |
Bacon. Miles, where are you? |
|
2 |
||
Miles. Hic sum, doctissime et reverendissime |
3-4: "Here I am,
most learned and most reverend teacher." |
|
4 |
doctor. |
All Latin translations
are by Nimmo, unless otherwise indicated. |
6 |
Bacon. Attulisti nos libros meos de necromantia? |
6: "Hast thou
brought us our books on necromancy?" |
8 |
Miles. Ecce quam bonum et quam jucundum |
8-9: "Behold how
good and pleasant it is to keep books |
habitare libros in unum! |
in one place!" Ward notes the line
is a parody of Psalms |
|
10 |
||
Bacon. Now, masters of our academic state |
10-11: in referring to
his guests as masters and viceroys, |
|
12 |
That rule in Oxford, viceroys in your place, |
Bacon suggests they
are not just leading scholars, but that they are heads of some of the
colleges that comprise Oxford University. |
Whose heads contain maps of the liberal
arts, |
12: ie. "whose
brains hold the sum of all knowledge of the liberal arts". |
|
14 |
Spending your time in depth of learnèd skill, |
|
Why flock you thus to Bacon's secret cell, |
= secluded room. |
|
16 |
A friar newly stalled in Brazen-nose? |
= installed. = Brazen-nose, or more properly Brasenose,
|
Say what's your mind, that I may make
reply. |
= in modern parlance,
"what's on". |
|
18 |
||
Burd. Bacon, we hear that long we have suspect, |
= "which we have
long suspected". |
|
20 |
That thou art read in magic's mystery; |
= well-versed. |
In pyromancy, to divine by flames; |
21: pyromancy,
as the text says, is divination by means of |
|
22 |
To tell, by hydromatic, ebbs and
tides; |
22: tell
= foretell.6 |
By aeromancy to discover doubts, |
23: in aeromancy,
the magician foretells events by means of observing atmospheric phenomena,
such as unusual winds or storms.13 Ward quotes from an earlier
source, which noted that wind from the east signals good fortune; from the
west, evil; from the south, calamity; and from the north, the revelation of a
secret; and from all four quarters simultaneously, a violent storm in the
offing. |
|
24 |
To plain out questions, as Apollo did. |
24: "to answer
questions, as did Apollo through his oracle." |
The reference is to
the very famous and frequently mentioned seer of ancient Greece, located in
the town of Delphi; for a fee, one could ask a question of the priestess, who
would transmit an answer from Apollo. |
||
26 |
Bacon. Well, Master Burden, what of all this? |
|
28 |
Miles. Marry, sir, he doth but fulfil, by rehearsing |
28: Miles' merry
banter reveal him to be a jokester, playing |
of these names, the fable of the Fox and the
Grapes; |
the clown for Bacon as
Ralph does for Edward. |
|
30 |
that which is above us pertains nothing
to us. |
28-30: Miles refers to that most
well-known Aesop's |
fable, in which the
fox, unable to reach the grapes which were hanging from a high trestle, went
away dejectedly, asserting the grapes were probably sour anyway; the story is
not exactly apropos to our situation here, as the Scholars are not
complaining or trying (but failing) to learn about the magic performed by
Bacon; rather, they are only inquiring as to whether the rumours they have
heard about him are true. |
||
32 |
Burd. I tell thee, Bacon, Oxford makes report, |
|
Nay, England, and the court of Henry says, |
||
34 |
Thou'rt making of a brazen head by art, |
34: "that you are
using magic to make a head of brass". |
Which shall unfold strange doubts and
aphorisms, |
35" "which
shall explain or clarify unusual inquiries and |
|
36 |
And read a lecture in philosophy; |
= common phrase
meaning "teach a lesson", ie. instruct.1 |
And, by the help of devils and ghastly
fiends, |
37: devil and devils
are always pronounced as a single |
|
38 |
Thou mean'st, ere many years or days be
past, |
= before. |
To compass England with a wall of
brass. |
39: just as many towns
in the Middle Ages protected |
|
40 |
themselves by
constructing a defensive wall around their perimeters, Bacon intends to do
the same to protect all of England. The History makes it clear that it
was only through the agency of the talking brass head that such a wall could
be created. |
|
Bacon. And what of this? |
||
42 |
||
Miles. What of this, master! Why, he doth speak |
||
44 |
mystically;
for he knows, if your skill fail to make a |
= metaphorically.1 |
brazen head, yet Mother Waters' strong ale
will fit |
45: Mother
Water's strong ale = a 17th century publication |
|
46 |
his turn to make him have a copper nose. |
sheds light on this
line, which has long stumped editors: Mother Water is water which has
been alkalized, and is a prime ingredient in the making of copper-sulfate
(hence the allusion to a copper nose in line 46), also called copperas
or vitriol, which was used in dyeing and tanning.1 |
48 |
Clem. Bacon, we come not grieving at thy skill, |
= troubled or annoyed
by.1 |
But joying that our ácadémy yields |
= rejoicing,
delighted.1
= academy, meaning university, |
|
50 |
A man supposed the wonder of the world. |
= reckoned, regarded.2
The History confirms that Bacon |
For if thy cunning work these miracles, |
= knowledge or skill. |
|
52 |
England and Europe shall admire thy fame, |
|
And Oxford shall in characters of
brass, |
= letters. |
|
54 |
And statues, such as were built up in Rome, |
|
Etérnize
Friar Bacon for his art. |
= immortalize. |
|
56 |
||
Mason. Then, gentle friar, tell us thy intent. |
= ie. "what you
intend to do." |
|
58 |
||
Bacon. Seeing you come as friends unto the friar, |
= Bacon means himself. |
|
60 |
Resolve you,
doctors, Bacon can by books |
= "be
assured". |
Make storming Boreas thunder from his
cave, |
61: raise winds; Boreas,
who was said to reside in a cave on |
|
62 |
And dim fair Luna to a dark
eclipse. |
= dim is a
verb. = the moon, as a goddess. |
The great arch-ruler, potentate of hell, |
63: Bacon describes
Lucifer, the head-demon of hell. |
|
64 |
Trembles when Bacon bids him, or his
fiends, |
= commands. |
Bow to
the force of his pentageron. |
65: Bow to
= "to submit to". |
|
66 |
What art can work, the frolic friar
knows; |
66: "what magic (art)
can do, the jolly friar knows." |
And therefore will I
turn my magic books, |
||
68 |
And strain out necromancy to the deep. |
= ie. "and
explore and use necromancy to the greatest extent |
I have contrived and framed a head of
brass |
= invented and
created.1 |
|
70 |
(I made Belcephon hammer out the
stuff), |
= a demon in Bacon's
service. |
And that by art shall read philosophy. |
71: and that by magic
will expound on questions of |
|
72 |
And I will strengthen England by my skill, |
72: ie. with a wall of
brass. |
That if ten Caesars lived and reigned in Rome, |
73-75: Bacon alludes
to Julius Caesar's two invasions of |
|
74 |
With all the legions Europe doth contain, |
England: the first, in
55 B.C., was but a brief stopover; for |
They should not touch a grass of English
ground; |
the second landing in
54 B.C., however, Caesar brought 5 legions and 2000 cavalry, and the Romans
battled a number of local tribes, even succeeding in crossing the Thames,
before returning to Gaul.12 |
|
76 |
The work that Ninus reared at Babylon, |
76-77: According to
legend, Ninus was the founder of the |
The brazen walls framed by Semiramis, |
ancient city of
Nineveh, and Semiramis was his warrior wife. Having been granted by
Ninus absolute power to rule as a sovereign on her own for five days,
Semiramis ordered her husband killed, thus becoming sole monarch of Nineveh.
She went on to conquer much of Asia, founding the Assyrian Empire. Many legends
surround her name, including ascribing to her responsibility for the
completion of numerous construction projects, such as building the walls of
Babylon.12 |
|
78 |
Carved out like to the portal of the
sun, |
= to resemble. = gateway of the sun.2 Ward
notes the |
Shall not be such as rings the English strand |
= shore.2 |
|
80 |
From Dover to the market-place of Rye. |
80: Dover
= major port city along the English Channel, |
famous for its white
cliffs. |
||
82 |
Burd. Is this possible? |
|
84 |
Miles. I'll bring ye two or three witnesses. |
|
86 |
Burd. What be those? |
= who; for the first
time, Miles is addressed by one of the |
scholars. |
||
88 |
Miles. Marry, sir, three or four as honest devils and |
|
good companions as any be in hell. |
||
90 |
||
Mason. No doubt but magic may do much in this; |
||
92 |
For he that reads but mathematic
rules |
= studies. = Collins notes that the word mathematics
was |
Shall find conclusions that avail to
work |
= tenets or precepts.1 |
|
94 |
Wonders that pass the common sense
of men. |
= surpass. = ordinary understanding or comprehension.1 |
96 |
Burd. But Bacon roves a bow beyond his reach, |
= "is using a bow
that is too long for the reach of his arms";7 rove is
a term from archery, meaning "to fire an arrow at an arbitrarily
selected target",1 or "to shoot at a distant target with
an elevation";5 Burden, who is cynical regarding Bacon's
ability to perform genuine sorcery, is suggesting that Bacon claims to do
more than he is really capable of. |
And tells of more than magic can perform, |
||
98 |
Thinking to get a fame by fooleries. |
= ie. "such
foolishness." |
Have I not passed as far in state of schools, |
99: "have I not
received the same honours or degrees (as |
|
100 |
And read of many secrets
? Yet to think |
= ie. "studied as
many". |
That heads of brass can utter any voice, |
||
102 |
Or more, to tell of deep philosophy, |
|
This is a fable Æsop had forgot. |
103: Burden
sarcastically refers back to Miles' allusion to |
|
104 |
||
Bacon. Burden, thou wrong'st me in detracting thus; |
= "disparaging
me". |
|
106 |
Bacon loves not to stuff himself with lies. |
|
But tell me 'fore these doctors,
if thou dare, |
= ie. answer. = in front of. |
|
108 |
Of certain questions I shall move to
thee. |
= put. |
110 |
Burd. I will: ask what thou can. |
|
112 |
Miles. Marry, sir, he'll straight be on your pick-pack |
= ie. on your back; pick-pack
was a 16th century phrase |
to know whether the feminine or the masculine |
113-4: reference to
the grammatical distinctions of Latin, |
|
114 |
gender be most worthy. |
and more specifically a spoof of an
assertion put forth |
by the grammarian William Lily
(c.1468-1522) that the |
||
116 |
Bacon. Were you not yesterday, Master Burden, at |
|
Henley upon the Thames? |
117: Henley is
a town in Oxfordshire, located about 22 miles |
|
118 |
from Oxford and resting along the
Thames. |
|
Burd. I was: what then? |
||
120 |
||
Bacon. What book studied you thereon all night? |
||
122 |
||
Burd. I! None at all; I read
not there a line. |
||
124 |
||
Bacon. Then, doctors, Friar Bacon's art knows naught. |
125: ie. "if what
Burden says is true, then my magic (art) |
|
126 |
doesn’t work". |
|
Clem. What say you to this, Master Burden? Doth |
||
128 |
he not touch
you? |
= ie. strike a nerve
in. |
130 |
Burd. I pass not of
his frivolous speeches. |
= care. = about. |
132 |
Miles. Nay, Master Burden, my master, ere he hath |
= before. |
done with you, will turn you from a doctor to
a |
||
134 |
dunce, and shake you so
small that he will leave no |
134: dunce
= block-head, dullard, as dunce is still used today. |
more learning in you than is in Balaam's
ass. |
= that is, not much: Balak,
king of Moab, had sent for the prophet Balaam to come to his land and
curse the Israelites; as Balaam began his journey, an invisible angel of the
lord blocked his path, causing the donkey Balaam was riding to first turn off
the road, then crush his foot along a wall, and finally fall to the ground,
each incident after which Balaam savagely beat the beast; the angel then gave
the donkey the gift of speech, and the donkey asked the stunned prophet why
he was beating him; after which the angel revealed himself to the repentant
Balaam (Numbers 22). |
|
136 |
||
Bacon. Masters, for that learnèd Burden's skill is deep, |
= because, being that. |
|
138 |
And sore he doubts of Bacon's cabalism, |
= intensely.1 =
skills in the occult.1 Caballah refers to |
I'll show you why he haunts to Henley oft. |
= visits. = frequently. |
|
140 |
Not, doctors, for to taste the
fragrant air, |
= in order. = smell.1 |
But there to spend the night in alchemy, |
||
142 |
To multiply with secret spells of art; |
= a term of art from
alchemy, referring to the transmuting |
Thus private steals he learning from us all. |
= secretly. |
|
144 |
To prove my sayings true, I'll show you straight |
= right now. |
The book he keeps at Henley for himself. |
||
146 |
||
Miles. Nay, now my master goes to conjuration, |
||
148 |
take heed. |
|
150 |
Bacon. Masters, |
|
Stand still,
fear not, I'll show you but his book. |
151: Stand still
= Seltzer suggests these words indicate |
|
152 |
that the Scholars are
clearly agitated. |
|
[Conjures.] |
||
154 |
||
Per omnes deos infernales, Belcephon! |
155: "by all the
infernal deities, Belcephon!" |
|
156 |
||
Enter Hostess with a
shoulder of mutton on a spit, |
157: Entering
Character: the Hostess keeps an
inn in |
|
158 |
and a devil. |
Henley. The symbolism
of the mutton would be clear to an |
Elizabethan audience: mutton
was common slang for a harlot or prostitute, so Bacon is revealing that the
real reason Burden has been sneaking off to Henley is to carry on an affair
with the Hostess, whom he has been wryly referring to as Burden's book. |
||
160 |
Miles. Oh, master, cease your conjuration, or you |
|
spoil all; for here’s a she-devil come with a
shoulder |
||
162 |
of mutton on a spit. You have marred the
devil's |
|
supper; but no doubt he thinks our college fare
is |
= food. |
|
164 |
slender,
and so hath sent you his cook with a |
= meager. |
shoulder of mutton, to make it exceed. |
= increase the fare's
amount or quality. |
|
166 |
||
Host. O, where am I, or what's become of me? |
||
168 |
||
Bacon. What art thou? |
||
170 |
||
Host. Hostess at Henley, mistress of the Bell. |
= an inn at Henley,
whose sign was a bell; Sugden notes |
|
172 |
there was a Bell Inn
at Hurley, three miles east of Henley, but not one at Henley, where the local
inn was called the Red Lion. |
|
Bacon. How cam'st thou here? |
||
174 |
||
Woman. As I was in the kitchen 'mongst the maids, |
||
176 |
Spitting the meat 'gainst supper for my
guess, |
= in preparation
for. = early variant for guests. |
A motion moved me to look forth of
door: |
= impulse. = out of the. |
|
178 |
No sooner had I pried into the yard, |
= peered. |
But straight a whirlwind hoisted me from
thence, |
= immediately. = from there. |
|
180 |
And mounted me aloft unto the clouds. |
|
As in a trance I thought nor fearèd naught, |
= nothing; note the
line's double negative, which were still |
|
182 |
Nor know I where or whither I was
ta'en, |
= to where. |
Nor where I am nor what these persons
be. |
= who. |
|
184 |
||
Bacon. No? Know you not Master Burden? |
||
186 |
||
Woman. O, yes, good sir, he is my daily guest. − |
||
188 |
What, Master Burden! 'twas but yesternight |
|
That you and I at Henley played at cards. |
= no doubt a euphemism
for what she and Burden really |
|
190 |
||
Burd. I know not what we did.
− A pox of all |
= a pox on; according
to the OED, Greene here introduces |
|
192 |
conjuring friars! |
to English literature
the quintessential Elizabethan curse; |
pox could refer to smallpox or venereal disease;
however, the phrase also appears in the History, on which Greene no
doubt based our play, and there is evidence that it also appeared in a 1590
book, which would have been published before the earliest extant copy of Friar
Bacon, which was printed in 1594. |
||
194 |
Clem. Now, jolly friar, tell us, is this the book |
|
That Burden is so careful to look on? |
||
196 |
||
Bacon. It is. − But, Burden, tell me now, |
||
198 |
Think'st thou that Bacon's necromantic skill |
= ie. "do you
(still) believe". |
Cannot perform his head and wall of
brass, |
= build, construct.1 |
|
200 |
When he can fetch thine hostess in such
post! |
= so quickly. |
202 |
Miles. I'll warrant you, master, if Master Burden |
= assure. |
could conjure as well as you, he would have
his |
203-4: his book
= still meaning "his mistress". |
|
204 |
book every night from Henley to study on at
Oxford. |
204: this would save
Burden the trouble of travelling down |
to Henley every day! |
||
206 |
Mason. Burden, |
|
What, are you mated by this frolic
friar? − |
= checkmated, ie.
confounded. |
|
208 |
Look how he droops; his guilty consciënce |
|
Drives him to bash,
and makes his hostess blush. |
= shame, humiliation.1 |
|
210 |
||
Bacon. Well, mistress, for I will not have you missed, |
= because. = missed puns with mist-ress. |
|
212 |
You shall to Henley to cheer up your
guests |
= ie. return to. |
Fore supper gin. − Burden, bid
her adieu; |
= begins. |
|
214 |
Say farewell to your hostess 'fore she goes.
− |
|
Sirrah,
away, and set her safe at home. |
= common term of
address for a servant, here referring to |
|
216 |
Belcephon. |
|
Host. Master Burden, when shall we see you at |
||
218 |
Henley? |
|
220 |
Burd. The devil take thee and Henley too. |
= common curse of the
period. |
222 |
[Exeunt Hostess and
Devil.] |
|
224 |
Miles. Master, shall I make a good motion? |
= proposal,
suggestion. |
226 |
Bacon. What's that? |
|
228 |
Miles. Marry, sir, now that my hostess is gone to |
|
provide supper, conjure up another spirit, and
send |
||
230 |
Doctor Burden flying after. |
|
232 |
Bacon. Thus, rulers of our academic state, |
232: Bacon does not
deign to respond to
Miles. |
You have seen the friar frame his art by
proof; |
= ie.
"demonstrate, and thus prove, his skill in magic." |
|
234 |
And as the college callèd Brazen-nose |
|
Is under him, and he the master there, |
||
236 |
So surely shall this head of brass be framed, |
= constructed. |
And yield forth strange and uncouth
aphorisms; |
= ie. proclaim,
state. = marvelous or uncommon truths.1 |
|
238 |
And hell and Hecatë
shall fail the friar, |
238: the sense is,
"even if hell and Hecate should fail to
|
But I will circle England round with brass. |
help me", ie. no matter what
happens. |
|
240 |
||
Miles. So be it et nunc et
semper; amen. |
= Latin: "both
now and forever"; the phrase is borrowed |
|
242 |
from a longer
utterance used in the Ordinary Form of the Latin Catholic office: Sicut
erat in princípio et nunc et semper, et in sǽcula sæculórum (As it
was in the beginning, and now, and always, and in the ages of the ages).14 |
|
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE III. |
||
The Harleston Fair. |
||
Enter Margaret and
Joan; |
Entering Characters: Margaret is our Keeper's daughter, |
|
Thomas, Richard and
other Clowns; |
the lass with whom Prince
Edward is smitten, and Joan |
|
and Lacy disguised in
country apparel. |
is her friend. Thomas and Richard
are local rustics |
|
1 |
Thom. By my troth, Margaret, here's a
weather is |
1-4: Thomas notes that
the good weather has led to a successful planting season, which will likely
depress prices. |
2 |
able to make a man call his father “whoreson”:
if |
|
this weather hold, we shall have hay good
cheap, |
= common phrase for
"at low prices".1 |
|
4 |
and butter and cheese at Harleston will bear
no price. |
= common phrase for
"have no monetary value". |
6 |
Marg. Thomas, maids when they come to see the fair |
6-7: the sense is,
"young ladies don't come to the fair in |
Count not to make a cope
for dearth of hay: |
order to get a bargain (cope)17
for expensive hay." |
|
8 |
When we have turned our butter to the salt, |
8-9: ie. "once we
have finished preparing butter and cheese |
And set our cheese safely upon the racks, |
for sale, etc." |
|
10 |
Then let our fathers prize it as they
please. |
= assign a value or
price to.1 |
We country sluts of merry Fressingfield |
= the word slut
has always carried the meaning of "a woman |
|
12 |
Come to buy needless naughts to make us
fine, |
= useless or
unnecessary items of no value. =
attractive. |
And look that young men should be frank
this day, |
= generous, ie. ready
to spend money on the girls.2 |
|
14 |
And court us with such fairings as they
can. |
= gifts bought at the
fair. = ie. can afford. |
Phoebus is blithe, and frolic looks
from Heaven, |
15: "the sun is
clement (blithe),1 and joyfully shines down |
|
16 |
As when he courted lovely Semele, |
16: Semele was
a maiden beloved by Jupiter, the king of the gods; given that when the deity
revealed himself to Semele in all his fiery splendor, it killed her, the
simile is not exactly apropos, never mind the fact that Margaret is mistaken
in assigning the story to Apollo. |
Swearing the pedlars shall have empty packs, |
= ie. because the fair
weather guarantees the vendors will |
|
18 |
If that fair weather may make chapmen
buy. |
= merchants, dealers.2 |
20 |
Lacy. But, lovely Peggy, Semele is dead, |
20-23: the educated
Lacy picks up on, without correcting, |
And therefore Phoebus
from his palace pries, |
= ie. looks down. |
|
22 |
And, seeing such a sweet and seemly saint, |
22: note the intense alliteration
in this line. |
Shows all his glories for to court
yourself. |
= in order; Lacy has
laid on the compliments pretty thickly; |
|
24 |
||
Marg. This is a fairing, gentle sir, indeed, |
= gift. |
|
26 |
To soothe me up with such smooth
flattery; |
26: soothe me up
= ie. "humour me completely".4 Margaret |
But learn of me, your scoff's too
broad before. − |
= be instructed
by. = the sense is, "your teasing
is too |
|
28 |
Well, Joan, our beauties must abide
their jests; |
= put up with. |
We serve the turn in jolly
Fressingfield. |
= this purpose, ie. it
is our duty. |
|
30 |
||
Joan. Margaret, |
||
32 |
A farmer's daughter for a farmer's son: |
|
I warrant you, the meanest of us
both |
= assure. = more inferior, perhaps meaning "the
least |
|
34 |
Shall have a mate to lead us from the church. |
34: Joan is focused on
finding a husband today, |
36 |
[Lucy whispers
Margaret in the ear.] |
|
38 |
But, Thomas, what's the news? What, in a
dump? |
= ie. "are you
depressed?" |
Give me your hand, we are near a
pedlar's shop; |
= probably pronounced
as "we're" for the meter's sake. |
|
40 |
Out with your purse, we must have fairings
now. |
|
42 |
Thom. Faith, Joan, and shall. I'll bestow a fairing on |
|
you, and then we will to the tavern,
and snap off a |
= ie. "we will go
to"; note the common Elizabethan |
|
44 |
pint of wine or two. |
grammatical construction of this phrase:
in the presence |
46 |
Marg. Whence are you, sir! Of
Suffolk? For your terms |
= from where. = words, language. |
Are finer than the common sort of men. |
||
48 |
||
Lacy. Faith, lovely girl, I am of Beccles by, |
= "from near
Beccles", a town located about 10 miles east-north-east of Fressingfield,
far away enough that Lacy should not raise suspicion just because nobody from
the latter town knows him. |
|
50 |
Your neighbour, not above six miles from
hence, |
|
A farmer's son, that never was so quaint |
= Ward suggests
"shy". |
|
52 |
But that he could do courtesy to such
dames. |
= bow to, pay
obeisance to.1 |
But trust me, Margaret, I am sent in charge |
= ie. with a specific
responsibility. |
|
54 |
From him that revelled in your father's
house, |
= who. |
And filled his lodge with cheer and venison, |
||
56 |
'Tirèd
in green: he sent you this rich purse, |
= dressed; presumably
Lacy hands or offers to Margaret a |
His token that he helped you run your
cheese, |
= sign or evidence (to
be recognized by Margaret as having |
|
58 |
And in the milkhouse chatted with yourself. |
come from Edward). |
60 |
Marg. To me? |
|
62 |
Lacy. You forget yourself: |
62: "you have
forgotten." |
Women are often weak in memory. |
||
64 |
||
Marg. O, pardon, sir, I call to mind the man: |
||
66 |
'Twere little manners to refuse his gift, |
= "it would be
unmannerly". |
And yet I hope he sends it not for love; |
||
68 |
For we have little leisure to debate of that. |
|
70 |
Joan. What, Margaret! blush not; maids must have |
|
72 |
Thom. Nay, by the mass, she looks pale as if she |
= an oath. |
were angry. |
||
74 |
||
Rich. Sirrah, are you of Beccles? I
pray, how doth |
75: Sirrah
= a term of address usually used contemptuously, |
|
76 |
Goodman
Cob? My father bought a horse of him. – |
76: Goodman
= common title for farmers or other men of |
I'll tell you, Margaret, ‘a were good to be a |
77-79: 'a
were…dung-cart = ie. "this worthless nag (jade) |
|
78 |
gentleman's jade, for of all things the
foul hilding |
78: hilding
refers to a worthless animal (especially used |
could not abide a dung-cart. |
of a horse).1 |
|
80 |
Note how pointedly prosaic the
language and topics |
|
Marg. [Aside] |
||
82 |
How different is this farmer from the
rest |
= ie. Lacy. |
That erst as yet hath pleased my
wandering sight! |
= till now. = ie. he is also physically attractive. |
|
84 |
His words are witty, quickened with a
smile, |
=enlivened. |
His courtesy gentle, smelling of the court; |
= ie. no doubt in
contrast to the more earthy fragrance of |
|
86 |
Facile
and debonair in all his deeds; |
= genial (facile)
and polished in all his movements. |
Proportioned
as was Paris, when, in grey, |
87-88: as attractively
built (proportioned) as was Paris |
|
88 |
He courted Œnon in the vale by
Troy. |
(famous prince of
ancient Troy) when, dressed in the outfit of a shepherd (in grey),7
he courted Oenone (the daughter of the river god Cebron), who lived in
the river valley (vale) near Troy. |
Great lords have come and pleaded for my love: |
||
90 |
Who but
the Keeper's lass of Fressingfield? |
= "who else would
be admired or sought after but" (Ward). |
And yet methinks this farmer's jolly son |
||
92 |
Passeth
the proudest that hath pleased mine eye. |
= surpasses. = most attractive or splendid (ones).1 |
But, Peg, disclose not that thou art in love, |
||
94 |
And show as yet no sign of love to him, |
|
Although thou well wouldst wish him for thy
love: |
||
96 |
Keep that to thee till time doth serve thy turn, |
= "keep it
private", ie. a secret. =
purpose, ie. till the right |
To show the grief wherein thy heart
doth burn. − |
= pain of love
(Seltzer). |
|
98 |
Come, Joan and Thomas, shall we to the fair?
− |
|
You, Beccles man, will not forsake us
now? |
= leave, abandon. |
|
100 |
||
Lacy. Not whilst I may have such quaint girls as you. |
= pretty.1 |
|
102 |
||
Marg. Well, if you chance to come by Fressingfield, |
||
104 |
Make but a step into the Keeper's lodge, |
|
And such poor fare as woodmen can
afford, |
= food. |
|
106 |
Butter and cheese, cream and fat venison, |
|
You shall have store, and welcome therewithal. |
= plenty.1 =
besides.1 |
|
108 |
||
Lacy. Gramercies, Peggy; look for me ere
long. |
= thanks; from the
French grande merci.7 = before. |
|
110 |
||
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE IV. |
||
The Court at Hampton-House. |
The Setting: Hampton Palace, but
see the note at line 39. |
|
Enter King Henry the
Third, the Emperor, |
Entering Characters: Henry the Third (1207-1272, |
|
the King of Castile,
Elinor, and Vandermast. |
reigned 1216-1272)
assumed the throne of England at the |
|
age of 9 upon the
death of his father, King John. He married Eleanor of Province in 1236, and
their first son Edward - our Prince Edward - was born in June 1239. |
||
The King of Castile is Ferdinand
III (1199-1252). Though the marriage of his parents, who were second
cousins, was dissolved by the pope because of the couple's close
consanguinity, Ferdinand was declared legitimate. Ferdinand succeeded to the
crown of Castile when his mother Berengia, who had assumed the regency on the
death of her brother, King Henry I, renounced the crown in favour of
Ferdinand. Successful in driving the Moors out from large portions of Spain,
Ferdinand is remembered as one of the greatest of Spanish kings. |
||
Ferdinand's daughter Eleanor
(our Elinor) was born from the king's second wife Joan in 1241.
In 1254, aged only 13, she would be married to Edward, Prince of Wales
(himself only 15), at Burgos, the capitol of Castile.12 |
||
1 |
K. Hen.
Great men of Europe,
monarchs of the west, |
|
2 |
Ringed with the walls of old Oceänus, |
2: Henry describes
Europe as being surrounded by the Greek god Oceanus, who, in ancient
geography, was conceived of as a river which surrounded the entire known
world, which at the time consisted only of Europe, Asia and Africa. As our
play takes place in a pre-Columbian time, our characters had no knowledge of
the Western Hemisphere. |
Whose lofty surges like the battlements |
3-4: "whose
enormous waves (surges) are like the walls |
|
4 |
That compassed high-built Babel in with
towers, |
(battlements =
parapets)1 that surrounded (compassed) Babylon"; surges
likely should be surge is.8 This is the second reference in
the play to the walls of Babylon. |
Welcome, my lords, welcome, brave
western kings, |
= splendid. |
|
6 |
To England's shore, whose promontory-cleeves |
= shore-hugging
cliffs.1 |
Show Albion is another little world; |
= this early name for
Britain, frequently used to mean |
|
8 |
Welcome says English Henry to you all; |
England, is generally, as here,
disyllabic: AL-byon. |
Chiefly unto the lovely Elinor, |
||
10 |
Who dared for Edward's sake cut through the
seas, |
|
And venture as Agenor's damsel
through the deep, |
= "as
did". = Agenor was the
king of Phoenicia; his |
|
12 |
To get the love of Henry's wanton son. |
daughter (damsel)
was Europa, a beautiful maiden beloved by Jupiter. The god appeared
before Europa as a bull, and convinced her to jump on his back, at which
point he jumped into the Mediterranean, swam to Crete, and raped her. Henry's
simile is not exactly flattering. |
14 |
K. of Cast.
England's rich
monarch, brave Plantagenet, |
= the Plantagenet
line ruled England for over three |
The Pyren Mounts, swelling above the
clouds, |
= Pyrenees Mountains. |
|
16 |
That ward the wealthy Castile in with
walls, |
= enclose.1
Castile, in north-central Spain, does not actually |
Could not detain the beauteous Elinor; |
border the Pyrenees. Note also that Castile
will almost |
|
18 |
But hearing of the fame of Edward's youth, |
|
She dared to brook Neptunus' haughty pride, |
19: "she dared to
endure crossing the sea". The Spanish |
|
20 |
And bide the brunt of froward
Æolus: |
20: "and face (bide)2
the blows or onslaught (brunt) of the |
Then may fair England welcome her the more. |
(ocean's) ungovernable or adverse (froward)2,6
winds;" |
|
22 |
||
Elin. After that English Henry by his
lords |
= ie.
"after". |
|
24 |
Had sent Prince Edward's lovely counterfeit, |
= picture or portrait. |
A present to the Castile Elinor, |
||
26 |
The comely portrait of so brave a man, |
= attractive. |
The virtuous fame discoursèd of his deeds, |
27: the widely
discussed reports of his deeds of valour |
|
28 |
Edward's courageous resolutiön, |
= steadfast
determination.1 |
Done at the Holy Land 'fore Damas'
walls, |
29: Edward took part
in the Ninth Crusade of 1271-2; despite some active campaigning he failed to
accomplish much to help the dying Christian kingdom, and he was forced to
hurry home on hearing of the illness of his father Henry III; Edward had only
reached Sicily when he learned of the king's death. |
|
30 |
Led both mine eye and thoughts in equal links, |
|
To like so of the English monarch's
son, |
= take a liking to.4 |
|
32 |
That I attempted perils for his ease. |
= braved great
dangers. = comfort or gratification.1 |
34 |
Emp. Where is the prince, my lord? |
|
36 |
K. Hen. He posted down, not long since, from the
court, |
= travelled (by
horse). = ie. ago. |
To Suffolk side, to merry Fremingham, |
37: Suffolk side = the border of
Suffolk.1 |
|
38 |
To sport himself amongst my fallow
deer: |
= brownish, or
red-yellowish.1 |
From thence,
by packets sent to Hampton house, |
= from there. = ie. letters. = assuming Henry is referring |
|
40 |
We hear the prince is ridden, with his lords, |
|
To Oxford, in the ácadémy there |
= to. |
|
42 |
To hear dispute amongst the learnèd
men. |
= debates. |
But we will send forth letters for my son, |
||
44 |
To will him come from Oxford to the
court. |
= direct. |
46 |
Emp. Nay, rather, Henry, let us, as we be, |
|
Ride for
to visit Oxford with our train. |
= ie. ride. = ie. whole retinue. |
|
48 |
Fain would I
see your universities, |
= "I would like
to". |
And what learn’d men your ácadémy yields. |
||
50 |
From Hapsburg have I brought a learnèd clerk |
50: Hapsburg = a castle in
Switzerland, but the Emperor no doubt means Germany9 or Austria.4
The use of the name is anachronistic, as Frederick II was of the House of
Hohenstaufen; the Hapsburgs did not attain the emperorship until the 15th
century. |
To hold dispute with English orators − |
||
52 |
This doctor, surnamed Jaques
Vandermast, |
52: surnamed
= this interesting use of surname as a verb |
A German born, passed into Padua, |
= ie. has travelled
to. |
|
54 |
To Florence and to fair Bolognia, |
= ie. Bologna, written
in a way to indicate it should be |
To Paris, Rheims, and stately Orleans, |
53-55: Ward notes
these are all university towns. |
|
56 |
And, talking there with men of art, put
down |
= (other) sorcerers
and magicians. = defeated (in
contests). |
The chiefest of them all in aphorisms, |
57-58: "the best
of them all in knowledge of magic, |
|
58 |
In magic, and the mathematic rules: |
demonstrations of conjuring, and debates
about |
Now let us, Henry, try him in your
schools. |
= test. = ie. by having him go up against England's
scholars |
|
60 |
||
K. Hen.
He shall, my lord;
this motion likes me well. |
= proposal. = pleases. |
|
62 |
We'll progress straight to
Oxford with our trains, |
62: progress
= basically meaning "go", but with the sense |
And see what men our ácadémy brings. − |
||
64 |
And, wonder Vandermast, welcome to me; |
= the OED cites this
line as the last known use of wonder |
In Oxford shall thou find a jolly friar, |
||
66 |
Called Friar Bacon, England's only flower: |
= pre-eminent.2 = ie.
choice individual, ie. "our best man." |
Set him but nonplus in his magic spells, |
67: "if you can
stymie Bacon in a contest of magic". |
|
68 |
And make him yield in mathematic rules, |
= ie. "concede
you are the better man in a debate over". |
And for thy glory I will bind thy
brows, |
= encircle. |
|
70 |
Not with a poet's garland made of bays, |
= leaves of the bay or
laurel tree, used to make a crown |
But with a coronet of choicest gold. |
= crown. |
|
72 |
Whilst then
we fit to Oxford with our troops, |
72: Whilst then
= "until that time when". |
Let's in and banquet in our English
court. |
73: note that Henry
just contradicted his own declaration |
|
74 |
that they should leave immediately for
Oxford (see line |
|
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE V. |
||
Oxford. |
||
Enter Ralph Simnell in
Prince Edward’s apparel; |
Entering Characters: Edward and his party have just |
|
and Prince Edward,
Warren, and Ermsby, |
arrived at Oxford. Ralph is dressed as
the prince, and |
|
disguised. |
Edward has put on Ralph's jester outfit;
Warren and |
|
1 |
Ralph. Where be these vagabond knaves, that they |
= rascally.1 |
2 |
attend no better on their master? |
|
4 |
Pr. Edw.
If it please your
honour, we are all ready |
|
at an inch. |
= (to act) in an
instant.2 |
|
6 |
||
Ralph. Sirrah Ned, I'll have no more post-horse to |
7-8: "Sirrah Ned,
I shall no longer ride on a courier, or |
|
8 |
ride on: I'll have another fetch. |
fast-horse (post-horse): I prefer
another contrivance |
(fetch)."1 |
||
10 |
Erms. I pray you, how is that, my lord? |
|
12 |
Ralph. Marry, sir, I'll send to the Isle of Ely for four |
= an elevated area of
land in Cambridgeshire, comprising a hill of 7 miles by 4 miles; the area was
once completely surrounded by fens, or marshes, hence the appellation Isle.
The city of Ely, which sits on the Isle of Ely, is about 67 miles north-east
of London.9,18 |
or five dozen of geese, and I'll have them
tied six |
||
14 |
and six together with whip cord: now
upon their |
= a tough hempen cord,
from which lashes or whips are |
backs will I have a fair field-bed
with a canopy; and |
= set, place. = a simple folding bed, as used by a
soldier. |
|
16 |
so, when it is my pleasure, I'll flee into
what place I |
= ie. to wherever. |
please. This will be easy. |
||
18 |
||
Warren.
Your honour hath said
well; but shall we to |
= ie. go to. |
|
20 |
Brazen-nose College before we pull off our
boots? |
|
22 |
Erms. Warren, well motioned; we will to the friar
|
|
Before we revel it within the town. – |
= make merry, carouse. |
|
24 |
Ralph, see you keep your countenance
like a prince. |
= expression or
manner. |
26 |
Ralph. Wherefore have I such a company
of cutting |
= why. = swaggering or bullying.3 |
knaves to wait upon me, but to keep and defend
my |
||
28 |
countenance
against all mine enemies; have you not |
= Ralph humorously
reuses the word countenance to mean |
good swords and bucklers? |
= shields. |
|
30 |
||
Erms. Stay, who comes here? |
= "hold on". |
|
32 |
||
Warren.
Some scholar; and
we'll ask him where |
||
34 |
Friar Bacon is. |
|
36 |
Enter Friar Bacon and
Miles. |
|
38 |
Bacon. Why, thou arrant dunce, shall I never make |
= absolute,
unmitigated;2 Bacon is berating his servant. |
thee a good scholar? doth not all the town cry
out |
||
40 |
and say, Friar Bacon's subsizer is the
greatest |
= a subsidized
student, ie. one who receives financial |
blockhead
in all Oxford? Why, thou canst not speak |
= this delightful
insult appeared first in print in the mid-16th |
|
42 |
one word of true Latin. |
century.1 |
Miles the Blockhead: according
to the History, Bacon |
||
44 |
Miles. No, sir? Yet, what is this else? Ego sum tuus |
|
homo, “I am your man”: I warrant
you, sir, as good |
= assure. |
|
46 |
Tully's phrase as any is in Oxford. |
45-46: as good…Oxford =
ie. "I can turn a Ciceronian Latin phrase as well as anyone else in
Oxford." Tully is the usual nickname applied to describe the
famous Roman lawyer and orator Cicero, whose Latin was considered in later
ages to be the purest and best. |
48 |
Bacon. Come on, sirrah; what part of speech is |
= common term of
address for a servant. |
Ego? |
||
50 |
||
Miles. Ego, that is “I”; marry, nomen
substantivo. |
= noun substantive,7
a grammatical term referring to the |
|
52 |
simple name of a noun or person.19 |
|
Bacon. How prove you that? |
||
54 |
||
Miles. Why, sir, let him prove himself an 'a will; I |
= "let it prove
itself if it wants to;" an 'a = if it. |
|
56 |
can be heard, felt, and understood. |
|
58 |
Bacon. O gross dunce! |
= obvious, evident, huge.1 |
60 |
[Beats him.] |
60: the comedic
possibilities of a master beating his servants |
62 |
Pr. Edw.
Come, let us break
off this dispute |
= ie. break up. = quarrel. |
between these two. − Sirrah, where is
Brazen-nose |
||
64 |
College? |
|
66 |
Miles. Not far from
Coppersmith's Hall. |
66: Miles is making a
joke, playing on the name of Brazen-nose (brazen means bronze), while
simultaneously parodying the name of Goldsmith's Hall. There was no
Coppersmith's Hall at Oxford, nor was there even a guild for coppersmiths in
London; the name Coppersmith Hall was used as a humorous term for a tavern,
thanks to the red nose a heavy imbiber would acquire.9 |
68 |
Pr. Edw.
What, dost thou mock
me? |
68: the prince is not
accustomed to being addressed this way. |
70 |
Miles. Not I, sir: but what would you at Brazen- |
= ie. "do you
want". |
nose? |
||
72 |
||
Erms. Marry, we would speak with Friar Bacon. |
= ie. "desire
to". |
|
74 |
||
Miles. Whose men be you? |
75: "who do you
work for?" |
|
76 |
||
Erms. Marry, scholar, here's our master. |
77: Ermsby indicates
Ralph; Ermsby, relishing his role, has |
|
78 |
taken on Ralph's much-favoured habit of
using the oath |
|
Ralph. Sirrah, I am the master of these good |
||
80 |
fellows; mayst thou not know me to be a lord
by my |
|
reparrel? |
= a malapropism for apparel;
Ralph has used a long- |
|
82 |
||
Miles. Then here's good game for the hawk; for |
= ie. prey. |
|
84 |
here's the master-fool and a covey of coxcombs: one |
84: here's the
master-fool = Bacon likely points to Edward |
wise man, I think, would spring you
all. |
as he says this; we remember that Edward
has switched |
|
86 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Gog's wounds! Warren, kill him. |
= an oath, and
euphemism for God's wounds; this odd |
|
88 |
exclamation will be
used several times by the prince in this play. |
|
Warr. Why, Ned, I think the devil be in my sheath; |
||
90 |
I cannot get out my dagger. |
|
92 |
Erms. Nor I mine! 'Swones,
Ned, I think I am |
= another variation on
God's wounds. |
bewitched. |
||
94 |
||
Miles. A company of scabs! The proudest of you all |
= group or band.2 =
scoundrels. |
|
96 |
draw your weapon, if he can. − [Aside]
See how |
|
boldly I speak, now my master is by. |
= "because Friar
Bacon (who can protect me with his magic) |
|
98 |
is here." |
|
Pr. Edw.
I strive in vain; but
if my sword be shut |
||
100 |
And conjured fast by magic in my
sheath, |
= stuck, immovable. |
Villain, here is my fist. |
||
102 |
||
[Strikes Miles a box on the ear.] |
||
104 |
||
Miles. Oh, I beseech you conjure his hands too, |
= Miles addresses
Bacon. |
|
106 |
that he may not lift his arms to his head, for
he is |
|
light-fingered! |
= pugnacious, eager to
fight,1 though all the editors note the |
|
108 |
||
Ralph. Ned, strike him; I'll warrant thee by mine |
= ie. "back you
up". |
|
110 |
honour. |
|
112 |
Bacon. What means the English prince to wrong my man? |
= injure, harm,
insult. |
114 |
Pr. Edw.
To whom speak'st thou? |
|
116 |
Bacon. To thee. |
116: the arrogant
Bacon, knowing Edward for who he is, |
addresses the prince
with the daringly condescending and highly improper thee. |
||
118 |
Pr. Edw.
Who art thou? |
|
120 |
Bacon. Could you not judge when all your swords grew |
120: fast
= stuck, fixed. |
That Friar Bacon was not far from hence? |
= from here; Bacon's
inclination to speak of himself in the |
|
122 |
Edward, King Henry's son and Prince of Wales, |
|
Thy fool disguised cannot conceal thyself. |
123: "you cannot
conceal your true identity in the disguise |
|
124 |
I know both Ermsby and the Sussex Earl, |
= ie. Warren. |
Else Friar Bacon had but
little skill. |
= ie. "or
else". |
|
126 |
Thou com'st in post from merry
Fressingfield, |
= in haste.1 |
Fast-fancied
to the Keeper's bonny lass, |
= tied by love or
attraction.3 |
|
128 |
To crave some succour of the jolly
friar: − |
= ask for help from. |
And Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, hast thou left |
= ie. "you have
left behind". |
|
130 |
To treat fair Margaret to allow thy
loves; |
= entreat, ask. = "receive or accept your suit". |
But friends are men, and love can baffle
lords; |
131: the broader sense
is, "but even those who are your |
|
132 |
The earl
both woos and courts her for himself. |
= ie. Lacy. |
134 |
Warren.
Ned, this is strange;
the friar knoweth all. |
|
136 |
Erms. Apollo could not utter more than this. |
136: another reference
to Apollo as the god who makes predictions through his oracle at
Delphi; see the note at Scene II.24. |
138 |
Pr. Edw.
I stand amazed
to hear this jolly friar |
= stunned. |
Tell even the very secrets of my
thoughts. − |
= precisely and
correctly; even is almost always pronounced |
|
140 |
But, learnèd Bacon, since thou know'st the
cause |
|
Why I did post so fast from Fressingfield, |
||
142 |
Help, friar, at a pinch, that I may
have |
= "at this
critical moment"; this still familiar phrase (usually stated today as in
a pinch) appeared as early as the 15th century.1 |
The love of lovely Margaret to myself, |
||
144 |
And, as I am true Prince of Wales, I'll give |
144-5: I'll
give…college-state = "I'll give Brasen-nose an |
Living
and lands to strength thy college-state. |
endowment (Living)1
and property (from which it can derive |
|
146 |
further income from
rent) to increase its status and wealth (college-state).3 |
|
War. Good friar, help the prince in this. |
||
148 |
148: based on Ralph's
next line, it seems that a pause in the dialogue occurs here, as the royal
party waits futilely for Bacon to answer Edward; perhaps he turns away, or
shakes his head, or gives some other indication of hesitation. |
|
Ralph. Why, servant Ned, will not the friar do it? |
||
150 |
Were not my sword glued to my scabbard by |
|
conjuration,
I would cut off his head, and make him |
= ie. "force of
his magic". |
|
152 |
do it by force. |
|
154 |
Miles. In faith, my lord, your manhood and your |
= manliness, courage;1
Miles addresses Ralph. |
sword is all alike; they are so fast conjured
that we |
Despite the apparently suggestive
comparison between |
|
156 |
shall never see them. |
Ralph's manhood
and his sword, the modern slang use of manhood with its sexual
connotations did not appear until the mid-17th century, according to the OED. |
158 |
Erms. What, doctor, in a dump! tush, help the prince, |
= struck dumb: Ermsby
wonders why Bacon has not yet |
And thou shalt see how liberal he will
prove. |
= generous. |
|
160 |
||
Bacon. Crave not such actions greater dumps than these? |
161: "do not such
developments demand even greater |
|
162 |
I will, my lord, strain out my magic
spells; |
= the sense seems to
be "work to the maximum effect |
For this day comes the earl to
Fressingfield, |
= today. |
|
164 |
And 'fore that night shuts in the day with
dark, |
|
They'll be betrothèd each to other fast. |
= firmly to each other. |
|
166 |
But come with me; we'll to my study straight, |
= go to. = right now. |
And in a glass prospective I will show |
= a magical mirror
within which one may view distant |
|
168 |
What's done this day in merry Fressingfield. |
objects or
occurrences, similar to a crystal ball.20 The History, we
may note, asserts that only those events occurring within a 50-mile radius
can be seen in the prospective. |
170 |
Pr. Edw.
Gramercies, Bacon; I will quite thy pain. |
= thanks. = repay, reward. = efforts. |
172 |
Bacon. But send your train, my lord, into the town: |
= "your
attendants", or "those who accompany you". |
My scholar shall go bring them to their inn; |
||
174 |
Meanwhile we'll see the knavery of the earl. |
|
176 |
Pr. Edw. Warren, leave me; − and, Ermsby, take the fool: |
|
Let him be master, and go revel it, |
= ie. "continue
to let Ralph be in charge of your activities". |
|
178 |
Till I and Friar Bacon talk awhile. |
|
180 |
Warren.
We will, my lord. |
|
182 |
Ralph. Faith, Ned, and I'll lord it out till thou comest: |
|
I'll be Prince of Wales over all the black-pots
in |
= beer mugs, and by
extension "drinkers".17 |
|
184 |
Oxford. |
|
186 |
[Exeunt Warren,
Ermsby, Ralph Simnell and Miles.] |
|
188 |
[Friar Bacon and
Prince Edward go into the study.] |
188: the friar and
prince move perhaps to the back of or to one side of the stage, where the
audience is to understand they have entered Bacon's study or cell.3 |
SCENE VI. |
||
Bacon's Study. |
Scene VI: Bacon and Edward presumably approach the |
|
magic mirror. |
||
1 |
Bacon. Now, frolic Edward, welcome to my cell; |
= merry. = cell was used to describe the
small single-room |
2 |
Here tempers Friar Bacon many toys, |
= mixes.1 =
trivial things, ie. solutions, etc.; though the line |
And holds this place his cónsistory-court, |
3: "and uses this
room as a place to hold his consistory |
|
4 |
Wherein the devils plead homage to his
words. |
= acknowledge the
superior position of;1 homage was |
Within this glass prospective thou shalt see |
||
6 |
This day what's done in merry Fressingfield |
|
'Twixt
lovely Peggy and the Lincoln Earl. |
= between. |
|
8 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Friar, thou glad'st
me: now shall Edward try |
9: glad'st = the use of glad as a verb goes back
to Old |
|
10 |
How Lacy meaneth to his sovereign Lord. |
= ie. what Lacy
intends to do with respect to.1 |
12 |
Bacon. Stand there and look directly in the glass. |
|
14 |
Enter Margaret and
Friar Bungay. |
Entering Characters: Margaret is consulting another |
sorcerer and friar,
named Bungay. |
||
16 |
What sees my lord? |
We may imagine Bacon and Edward on one
side of the |
stage, intently studying
the magic mirror in which they see the scene being played out many miles away
between Margaret and Bungay, which is acted out on the other side of the
stage. |
||
18 |
Pr. Edw.
I see the Keeper's
lovely lass appear, |
|
As brightsome as the paramour of
Mars, |
19: brightsome
= a strange word, which the OED suggests |
|
20 |
Only attended by a jolly friar. |
20: Margaret is
accompanied only by the friar. |
22 |
Bacon. Sit still, and keep the crystal in your
eye. |
|
24 |
Marg. But tell me, Friar Bungay, is it true |
|
That this fair courteous country
swain, |
= handsome. = rustic. |
|
26 |
Who says his father is a farmer nigh, |
= near, not far from
here. |
Can be Lord Lacy, Earl of Lincolnshire? |
||
28 |
||
Bung. Peggy, 'tis true, 'tis Lacy for my life, |
= the sense is "I
assure you at the cost or risk of my life". |
|
30 |
Or else mine art and cunning
both do fail, |
= magic. = skill. |
Left by Prince Edward to procure
his loves; |
= ie. left
behind. = "to win over or plead
for (your) love on |
|
32 |
For he in green, that holp you run your
cheese, |
= archaic word for helped. |
Is son to Henry and the Prince of Wales. |
||
34 |
||
Marg. Be what he will, his lure is but for lust. |
= the sense is that
Edward means only to try to attract her |
|
36 |
But did Lord Lacy like poor Margaret, |
= "were Lord Lacy
to". = when Margaret
appears at the |
Or would he deign to wed a country
lass, |
= "if he
would". |
|
38 |
Friar, I would his humble handmaid be, |
|
And for great wealth quite him with
courtesy. |
39: "and I would
give a great deal to be able to repay (quite) |
|
40 |
him with kindness or benevolence." |
|
Bung. Why, Margaret, dost thou love him? |
||
42 |
||
Marg. His personage, like the pride of vaunting Troy, |
43: "his
appearance (personage), which is like that of the pride of boasting (vaunting)
Troy", ie. Lacy's good looks are as attractive as those of Paris (a
prince of, and the pride of, Troy). |
|
44 |
Might well avouch to shadow
Helen's rape: |
44: the sense is,
suggests Collins, "would justify (avouch) our anticipating the
abduction (rape) of Helen," or per Ward, "would excuse
concealing the abduction of Helen." The meaning turns on whether shadow
should be interpreted to mean "foreshadow" or "conceal". |
His wit is quick and ready in conceit, |
45: "his
intelligence is lively (quick) and quick in |
|
46 |
As Greece afforded in her chiefest prime: |
46: "like the
type of men produced by Greece when that |
Courteous, ah friar, full of pleasing smiles! |
||
48 |
Trust me, I love too much to tell thee more; |
|
Suffice to me he's England's paramour. |
= the sense seems to
"darling", but Ward believes paragon |
|
50 |
||
Bung. Hath not each eye that viewed thy pleasing face |
= ie. every man. |
|
52 |
Surnamèd thee Fair Maid of Fressingfield? |
= ie. "given you
the title of". |
54 |
Marg. Yes, Bungay; and would God the lovely earl |
= "I wish
to". |
Had that in esse that so many
sought. |
55: ie. "has
possession of that thing (ie. me) that so many |
|
56 |
||
Bung. Fear not, the friar will not be behind |
57-58: "do not
worry, I will not be slow (behind) to demon- |
|
58 |
To show his cunning to entangle love. |
strate my skill (in
magic) to tie the two of you together in love." Bungay, like Bacon, has
the proud penchant for speaking of himself in the third person. |
60 |
Pr. Edw.
I think the friar
courts the bonny wench: |
60-61: to Edward, it
seems that the friar is wooing Margaret |
Bacon, methinks he is a lusty churl. |
= villain or rude
fellow.1 |
|
62 |
||
Bacon. Now look, my lord. |
||
64 |
||
Enter Lacy disguised
as before. |
= ie. as a local
farmer. |
|
66 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Gog's wounds, Bacon,
here comes Lacy! |
||
68 |
||
Bacon. Sit still, my lord, and mark the comedy. |
= watch. = comedy was used to describe a
story with a |
|
70 |
||
Bung. Here's Lacy, Margaret; step aside awhile. |
= "let's hide
from him for a bit." |
|
72 |
||
[Retires with
Margaret.] |
||
74 |
||
Lacy. Daphne, the damsel that caught
Phoebus fast, |
75f: a
convention of Elizabethan drama was that characters, |
|
76 |
And locked him in the brightness of her
looks, |
even when apparently
alone, sometimes spoke their feelings out loud, for the benefit of both the
audience and any characters who were eavesdropping. |
Was not so beauteous in Apollo's eyes |
77: "was not as
beautiful to Apollo". |
|
78 |
As is fair Margaret to the Lincoln Earl.
− |
|
Recant thee,
Lacy, thou art put in trust: |
= "take these
words back"; Lacy realizes he is violating his |
|
80 |
Edward, thy sovereign's son, hath chosen thee, |
|
A secret friend, to court her for
himself, |
= friend in
confidence, ie. confidant. |
|
82 |
And dar'st thou wrong thy prince with
treachery? |
|
Lacy, love makes no exception of a friend, |
83-84: love acts on
all people equally, and does not take |
|
84 |
Nor deems it of a prince but as a man. |
84: ie. love doesn't
see you as a prince, thus giving you |
Honour bids thee control him in his
lust; |
85-87: Lacy, wrestling
with his thoughts, changes tact |
|
86 |
His wooing is not for to wed the girl, |
= "does not serve
the purpose (for him to)". |
But to entrap her and beguile the lass. |
= deceive, trick. |
|
88 |
Lacy, thou lov'st, then brook not such
abuse, |
= tolerate. |
But wed her, and abide thy prince's frown; |
= endure. = ie. disapproval. |
|
90 |
For better die than see her live
disgraced. |
= it would be
better. = ie. have to live with the
irreversible |
92 |
Marg. Come, friar, I will shake him from his dumps. − |
= "cheer him
up." |
How cheer you, sir? A penny for your
thought: |
= this still common
proverbial sentiment dates back at least |
|
94 |
You 're early up, pray God it be the near. |
= an allusion to the
proverb "early up and never the nearer",3 |
What, come from Beccles in the morn so soon? |
meaning, "get an
early start on something but never get any closer to finishing"; the
unimportant point of Margaret's mild jest is that she hopes, given that Lacy
would of necessity had to have arisen early to have arrived in Fressingfield
already, that he is closer to completing the end of his journey or project
than when he started. |
|
96 |
||
Lacy. Thus
watchful are such men as live in love, |
= wakeful, ie. without
sleep. |
|
98 |
Whose eyes brook broken slumbers for
their sleep. |
= endure. = ie. periods of wakefulness, in place of |
I tell thee, Peggy, since last Harleston fair |
||
100 |
My mind hath felt a heap of passiöns. |
= multitude of
emotions. |
102 |
Marg. A trusty man, that court it for your friend; |
= trustable, faithful.1 |
Woo you still for the courtier all in green? |
||
104 |
I marvel that he sues not for himself. |
= "does not do
his own courting." |
106 |
Lacy. Peggy, |
|
I pleaded first to get your grace for him; |
= "obtain your
favour on his behalf." |
|
108 |
But when mine eyes surveyed your beauteous
looks, |
|
Love, like a wag, straight dived into
my heart, |
= mischievous fellow;
the indirect allusion is to personified |
|
110 |
And there did shrine th' idea of
yourself. |
= enshrine. = image.6 |
Pity me, though I be a farmer's son, |
||
112 |
And measure not my riches, but my love. |
112: "don't judge
me by my lack of wealth, but rather by the |
114 |
Marg. You are very hasty; for to garden well, |
114-7: Margaret uses a
delightful gardening metaphor to |
Seeds must have time to sprout before they spring: |
= fully emerge. |
|
116 |
Love ought to creep as doth the dial's
shade, |
= like the shadow on a
sun-dial, ie. slowly and deliberately. |
For timely ripe is rotten too-too soon. |
117: fruit that ripens
too quickly will soon rot too. |
|
118 |
||
Bung. [Coming forward] |
||
120 |
Deus hic;
room for a merry friar! |
120: Deus hic =
"God is here," or "God is surely in this |
What, youth of Beccles, with the Keeper's
lass? |
place" (Ward). |
|
122 |
'Tis well; but tell me, hear you any news? |
room = "make
room". |
124 |
Marg. No, friar: what news? |
|
126 |
Bung. Hear you not how the pursuivants do post |
= royal messengers.2 =
travel hurriedly. |
With proclamations through each country-town? |
||
128 |
||
Lacy. For what, gentle friar? Tell the news. |
||
130 |
||
Bung. Dwell'st thou in Beccles, and hear'st not of |
|
|
132 |
Lacy, the Earl of Lincoln, is late fled |
= has recently. |
From Windsor court, disguisèd like a swain, |
133: Windsor
court = the castle at Windsor, on the Thames |
|
134 |
And lurks about the country here unknown. |
|
Henry suspects him of some treachery, |
||
136 |
And therefore doth
proclaim in every way |
|
That who can take the Lincoln Earl
shall have, |
= capture. |
|
138 |
Paid in th' Exchequer, twenty
thousand crowns. |
138: the Exchequer = the department
responsible for the |
collection and dispersing of the crown's
revenue. |
||
140 |
Lacy. The Earl of Lincoln! Friar, thou art mad: |
|
It was some other; thou mistak'st the man. |
||
142 |
The Earl of Lincoln! Why, it cannot be. |
|
144 |
Marg. Yes, very well, my lord, for you are he: |
|
The Keeper's daughter took you prisoner. |
||
146 |
Lord Lacy, yield, I'll be your gaoler once. |
= jailer. = on this occasion (Ward). |
148 |
Pr. Edw.
How familiar they be,
Bacon! |
|
150 |
Bacon. Sit still, and mark the sequel
of their loves. |
= ie. what follows;
Bacon already knows what will happen, |
152 |
Lacy. Then am I double prisoner to thyself: |
= ie. her prisoner in
law and her prisoner in love. |
Peggy, I yield. But are these news in jest? |
||
154 |
||
Marg. In jest with you, but earnest unto me; |
||
156 |
For why
these wrongs do wring me at the heart. |
156: "because (for
why) these dishonourable actions of Edward and yourself do press down (wring)
on my heart." Note the alliteration of the line. |
Ah, how these earls and noblemen of birth |
||
158 |
Flatter and feign to forge poor
women's ill! |
= dissemble. = work misfortune on women; note the strong
|
alliteration of this line too. |
||
160 |
Lacy. Believe me, lass, I am the Lincoln Earl: |
|
I not deny but, 'tirèd thus in rags, |
= dressed this way. |
|
162 |
I lived disguised to win fair Peggy's love. |
|
164 |
Marg. What love is there where wedding ends not love? |
164: "what kind
of love is it that does not lead to marriage?" |
166 |
Lacy. I mean, fair girl, to make thee Lacy's wife. |
|
168 |
Marg. I little think that earls
will stoop so low. |
= "marry so far
beneath their stations." |
170 |
Lacy. Say shall I make thee countess ere I sleep? |
170: ie. by marrying
her before the day is through; in |
172 |
Marg. Handmaid unto the earl, so
please himself: |
172-3: Margaret claims
to worry that even if Lacy marries |
A wife in name, but servant in obedience. |
her, making her a
countess in name, that as a practical |
|
174 |
matter she will be no
better than a servant (handmaid) to him, due to the differences in
their social rank. |
|
Lacy. The Lincoln Countess, for
it shall be so; |
||
176 |
I'll plight the bands, and seal it with
a kiss. |
= make a formal pledge
of engagement; to plight is to |
pledge one's faithfulness, either in
betrothal or marriage. |
||
178 |
Pr. Edw. Gog's wounds, Bacon, they kiss! I'll stab them. |
|
180 |
Bacon. O, hold your hands, my lord, it is the glass! |
= "restrain
yourself"; Edward, outraged, tries to attack Lacy through the mirror,
leading Bacon to remind him that what the prince sees is only an image. |
182 |
Pr. Edw.
Choler to see the traitors gree so well |
182-3: "my rage (choler)
in seeing the two traitors match |
Made me [to] think the shadows substances. |
(gree) so well made me think the
pictures or images |
|
184 |
||
Bacon. 'Twere a long poniard, my lord, to reach between |
= "it would have
to be a long dagger". |
|
186 |
Oxford and Fressingfield; but sit still and see more. |
= ie. "here where
we are and there where they are." |
188 |
Bung. Well, Lord of Lincoln, if your loves be knit, |
= united. |
And that your tongues and thoughts do
both agree, |
= ie. words. |
|
190 |
To avoid ensuing jars, I'll hamper
up the match. |
= future disagreements
or misunderstandings. = fasten up |
I'll take my portace forth and wed you
here; |
= Catholic book of
offices or prayers, or breviary.1,3 |
|
192 |
Then go to bed and seal up your desires. |
|
194 |
Lacy. Friar, content. − Peggy, how like you this? |
= "that is
fine." = "does this please
you?" |
196 |
Marg. What likes my lord is pleasing unto me. |
= pleases. |
198 |
Bung. Then hand-fast hand,
and I will to my book. |
= "join
hands". |
200 |
Bacon. What sees my lord now? |
|
202 |
Pr. Edw.
Bacon, I see the
lovers hand in hand, |
|
The friar ready with his portace there |
||
204 |
To wed them both: then am I quite undone. |
= ruined. |
Bacon, help now, if e'er thy magic served; |
= rendered a service. |
|
206 |
Help, Bacon; stop the marriage now, |
|
If devils or necromancy may suffice, |
= be sufficient (to do
so). |
|
208 |
And I will give thee forty thousand crowns. |
= worth 14 million
pounds today.23 |
210 |
Bacon. Fear not, my lord, I'll stop the jolly friar |
|
For mumbling up his orisons this
day. |
= humorous for
"speaking". = prayers. |
|
212 |
||
[Bungay is mute,
crying “Hud, hud.] |
213: Bungay suddenly
cannot speak, other than to stutter |
|
214 |
some nonsense syllables. |
|
Lacy. Why speak'st not, Bungay? Friar, to thy book. |
||
216 |
||
Marg. How look'st
thou, friar, as a man distraught? |
||
218 |
Reft of thy senses,
Bungay? Show by signs, |
= bereft, ie. robbed. |
If thou be dumb, what passions holdeth thee. |
= "what ailment
or affliction has seized you."1 |
|
220 |
||
Lacy. He's dumb indeed. Bacon hath with his devils |
||
222 |
Enchanted him, or else some strange disease |
|
Or apoplexy hath possessed his lungs: |
= generic medical term
applied to any loss of power over |
|
224 |
But, Peggy, what he cannot with his
book, |
= ie. "cannot do
or say". |
We'll 'twixt us both unite it up in heart. |
225: in Elizabethan
times, a couple could privately make |
|
226 |
||
Marg. Else let me die, my lord,
a miscreant. |
= or else. = wretch.2 |
|
228 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Why stands Friar
Bungay so amazed? |
= dumbfounded,
stunned. |
|
230 |
||
Bacon. I have struck him dumb, my lord; and if your |
||
232 |
I'll fetch this Bungay straightway from
Fressingfield, |
232: straight
is preferable here for the meter's sake. |
And he shall dine with us in Oxford here. |
||
234 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Bacon, do that, and
thou contentest me. |
= pleases. |
|
236 |
||
Lacy. Of courtesy, Margaret, let us
lead the friar |
= the sense of this
phrase is, "because it is the right thing to |
|
238 |
Unto thy father's lodge, to comfort him |
do", or "as a good deed". |
With broths to bring him from this hapless
trance. |
= unfortunate. |
|
240 |
||
Marg. Or else, my lord, we were
passing unkind |
= "(to do) otherwise". = would be.
= exceedingly. |
|
242 |
To leave this friar so in his distress. |
|
244 |
Enter a Devil,
who carries off Bungay on his back. |
= presumably Bacon's
slave-demon Belcephon. |
246 |
O, help, my lord! A devil, a devil, my lord! |
|
Look how he carries Bungay on his back! |
||
248 |
Let's hence, for Bacon's spirits be abroad. |
= "get out of
here". = out and about. |
250 |
[Exit with Lacy.] |
|
252 |
Pr. Edw.
Bacon, I laugh to see
the jolly friar |
|
Mounted upon the devil, and how the earl |
||
254 |
Flees with his bonny lass for fear. |
|
As soon as Bungay is at Brazen-nose, |
||
256 |
And I have chatted with the merry friar, |
|
I will in post hie me to Fressingfield, |
= "quickly hurry
over". |
|
258 |
And quite these wrongs on Lacy ere't be
long. |
= repay. |
260 |
Bacon.
So be it my lord: but let us to our dinner; |
|
For ere we have taken our repast awhile, |
261: "because
before we have been long at our meal". |
|
262 |
We shall have Bungay brought to Brazen-nose. |
262: the scene ends
with a nice touch of alliteration. |
264 |
[Exeunt.] |
|
SCENE VII. |
||
The Regent House at Oxford. |
||
Enter Burden, Mason
and Clement. |
Entering Characters: our resident doctors and administrators are
meeting to prepare the university for the royal party's visit. |
|
1 |
Mason. Now that we are gathered in the Regent-house, |
= the house in which met all "Doctors
and Masters of Arts for two years after their degrees; and all Professors,
Heads of Houses and Resident Doctors" (Sugden), known collectively as Regents;
the building, which dated back to the 12th century, was also called the
Congregation House, .9 |
2 |
It fits us talk about the king's repair, |
= "is appropriate
for us to". = (impending)
arrival.2 |
For he, troopèd with all the western
kings, |
= accompanied by or gathered
together with.1,2 |
|
4 |
That lie alongst the Dantzic seas by
east, |
4: Dantzic seas
= Danzig seas, ie. the Baltic Sea, which |
North by the clime of frosty Germany, |
= region. |
|
6 |
The Almain monarch, and the Scocun
duke, |
= German emperor (ie.
Frederick). = meaning the duke of |
Castile and lovely Elinor with him, |
||
8 |
Have in their jests resolved for
Oxford town. |
8: jests
= probably meaning gests, or stages of a royal |
10 |
Burd. We must lay plots of stately tragedies, |
= make plans for (the
presentation of) dignified plays.4 |
Strange comic shows, such as proud Roscius |
11: Strange
comic shows = singular and amusing |
|
12 |
Vaunted
before the Roman emperors, |
entertainments. |
To welcome all the western potentates. |
Roscius = famous 2nd
century B.C. ancient Roman |
|
14 |
||
Clem. But more; the king by letters hath foretold |
= ie. given notice,
ie. "let us know (to expect)". |
|
16 |
That Frederick, the Almain emperor, |
|
Hath brought with him a German of esteem, |
= great repute.4 |
|
18 |
Whose surname is Don Jaques Vandermast, |
|
Skilful in magic and those secret arts. |
||
20 |
||
Mason. Then must we all make suit unto the friar, |
= entreat. |
|
22 |
To Friar Bacon, that he vouch
this task, |
= take on.1 |
And undertake to countervail in skill |
= match up against or
defeat in (a contest of) magic. |
|
24 |
The German; else there's none in Oxford can |
|
Match and dispute with learnèd Vandermast. |
||
26 |
||
Burd. Bacon, if he will hold the German play, |
= ie. engage
Vandermast.1 |
|
28 |
Will teach him what an English friar can do: |
|
The devil, I think, dare not dispute with him. |
= ie. Bacon. |
|
30 |
||
Clem. Indeed, Mas Doctor, he [dis]pleasured you, |
= a title of respect,
an abbreviation of "Master".20 |
|
32 |
In that he brought your hostess with her spit, |
|
From Henley, posting unto Brazen-nose. |
||
34 |
||
Burd. A vengeance on the friar for his pains! |
= efforts. |
|
36 |
But leaving that, let's hie to Bacon
straight, |
= hurry. |
To see if he will take this task in hand. |
36-37: to his credit,
Burden does not seem to hold a grudge |
|
38 |
||
Clem. Stay, what rumour
is this? The town is up in |
= "hold on a
moment". = clamour;1
there is a disturbance |
|
40 |
a mutiny: what hurly-burly is
this? |
= uproar, tumult.1 =
commotion.1 |
42 |
Enter a Constable,
with Ralph Simnell, Warren, |
42-43: the entering
nobles and Ralph are still dressed as |
Ermsby, all three
disguised as before, and Miles. |
servants and the prince respectively. |
|
44 |
||
Const. Nay, masters, if you were ne'er so good, |
45-47: the Constable addresses the drunken contingent. |
|
46 |
you shall before the doctors to answer your |
46-47: "you shall
appear before the Regents to answer for |
misdemeanour. |
your mischief or bad behaviour (misdemeanour)1";
the |
|
48 |
doctors seem to have judicial authority
over the college. |
|
Burd. What's the matter, fellow? |
||
50 |
||
Const. Marry, sir, here's a company of rufflers, |
= rogues, bullies.5,25 |
|
52 |
that, drinking in the tavern, have made a
great brawl |
|
and almost killed the vintner. |
= wine-seller and
inn-keeper.1 |
|
54 |
||
Miles. Salve, Doctor Burden! |
= "hail!"7
or "save you!"6 |
|
56 |
This lubberly lurden |
56: "this loutish
(lubberly), heavy and lazy fellow |
Ill-shaped and ill-faced, |
57: deformed and ugly. |
|
58 |
Disdained and disgraced, |
|
What he tells unto vobis, |
59-60: "what he
tells you concerning us is false." |
|
60 |
Mentitur de nobis. |
|
62 |
Burd. Who is the master and chief of this crew? |
|
64 |
Miles. Ecce asinum mundi, |
64-65: "behold
the ass with the figure of the world" (Nimmo) |
Figura rotundi, |
or "behold the ass of the
round-shaped world" (Seltzer). |
|
66 |
Neat, sheat, and
fine, |
= undiluted, straight.1 = trim
and neat, or lively;1,5 this is |
As brisk as a cup of wine. |
= (1) smartly dressed
or lively (when applied to a person, |
|
68 |
||
Burd. What are you? |
= who. |
|
70 |
||
Ralph. I am, father doctor, as a man would say, the |
||
72 |
bell-wether
of this company: these are my lords, and |
72: leader; the
appellation bell-weather was applied to the |
I the Prince of Wales. |
leading sheep of a flock, which wore a
bell. |
|
74 |
||
Clem. Are you Edward, the king's son? |
||
76 |
||
Ralph. Sirrah Miles, bring hither
the tapster that |
77: Sirrah
= term of address for one's inferiors.
|
|
78 |
drew the wine, and, I warrant, when
they see how |
= "assure
you". |
soundly I have broke
his head, they'll say 'twas done |
||
80 |
by no less man than a prince. |
|
82 |
Mason. I cannot believe that
this is the Prince of |
|
Wales. |
||
84 |
||
War. And why so, sir? |
||
86 |
||
Mason. For they say the prince
is a brave and a |
= because. |
|
88 |
wise gentleman. |
|
90 |
War. Why, and think'st thou, doctor, that he is not so? |
|
Dar'st thou detract and derogate from him, |
= detract and derogate
are synonyms; the sense of the |
|
92 |
Being so lovely and so brave a youth? |
= finely dressed. |
94 |
Erms. Whose face, shining with many a sugared smile, |
= sweet.1 |
Bewrays
that he is bred of princely race. |
= betrays, ie.
demonstrates. |
|
96 |
||
Miles. And yet, master doctor, |
||
98 |
To speak like a proctor, |
= a university
official with disciplinary and administrative duties;1 Miles is
saying he speaks with the authority of such an executive officer.4 |
And tell unto you |
||
100 |
What is veriment and true; |
= veriment
means "true". |
To cease of this quarrel, |
101: "to put an
end to this complaint (quarrel, a legal term)". |
|
102 |
Look but on his apparel; |
|
Then mark but my talis, |
= pay attention. = tales.4 |
|
104 |
He is great Prince of Walis, |
104: Ward observes
that Skelton employed a similarly and |
The chief of our gregis, |
= flock. |
|
106 |
And filius regis: |
= son of the king. |
Then ‘ware what is done, |
= beware, ie. "be
careful (regarding what you do to him)". |
|
108 |
For he is Henry's white son. |
= a term of
endearment.7 |
110 |
Ralph. Doctors, whose doting night-caps are not |
= foolish. = perhaps referring to the soft caps worn
by |
capable of
my ingenious dignity, know that I am |
111: capable of =
ie. "with the capacity to contain or |
|
112 |
Edward Plantagenet, whom if you displease,
will |
|
make a ship that shall hold all your
colleges, and so |
113: Ralph may be
alluding to a "ship of fools", a phrase |
|
114 |
carry away the niniversity with a fair
wind to the |
= humorous malapropism
for university: ninny was a new |
Bankside in Southwark. − How sayest thou, Ned |
115: the south shore
of the Thames, across from London; |
|
116 |
Warren, shall I not do it? |
this neighbourhood was the home of
London's early |
theatres, and also the notorious haunt
of fallen women, |
||
118 |
War. Yes, my good lord; and, if it please your |
|
lordship, I will gather up all your old pantofles,
and |
= slippers or soft
shoes, often tall and cork-soled.5 |
|
120 |
with the cork make you a pinnace of
five-hundred |
= small two-masted
boat; Warren's proscribed weight of |
ton, that shall serve the turn
marvelous well, my |
500 tons is clearly a silly
exaggeration: a World War II |
|
122 |
lord. |
destroyer displaced in the neighbourhood
of 1000 tons. |
124 |
Erms. And I, my lord, will have pioners to |
= ie. pioneers, an
army's labourers, used to dig mines, |
undermine
the town, that the very gardens and |
= ie. dig tunnels
which would extend underneath a town, |
|
126 |
orchards be carried away for your
summer-walks. |
= to prevent , put an end to. |
128 |
Miles. And I, with scientia, |
= science. |
And great diligentia, |
= diligence. |
|
130 |
Will conjure and charm, |
|
To keep you from harm; |
||
132 |
That utrum horum mavis, |
= "whichever of
these you choose or prefer". |
Your very great navis, |
= ship.7 |
|
134 |
Like Bartlett's ship, |
134: the reference is
to a 1509 publication, The Shyp of |
From Oxford do skip |
= move hurriedly
along.1 |
|
136 |
With colleges and schools, |
|
Full-loaden with fools. |
= laden. |
|
138 |
Quid dicis ad hoc, |
138: "what say
you to that". |
Worshipful Domine Dawcock? |
= "Lord
Dawcock", a dawcock being a male jackdaw; as was the case with
many bird names, dawcock is used as a metaphor for "fool". |
|
140 |
||
Clem. Why, hare-brained courtiers, are you
drunk or mad, |
141: hare-brained
= this still popular adjective dates back |
|
142 |
To taunt us up with such scurrility? |
|
Deem you us men of base and light esteem, |
143: "do you
judge us to be men of such low and little |
|
144 |
To bring us such a fop for Henry's son?
− |
= buffoon, fool. |
Call out the beadles and convey them hence |
145: beadles
= beadle usually referred to a minor parish |
|
146 |
Straight to Bocardo: let the roisters
lie |
146: Bocardo
= the name of Oxford's prison, located in the |
Close clapt in bolts, until their wits be
tame. |
147: ie.
"concealed, imprisoned, and fettered, until they |
|
148 |
calm down."1 |
|
Erms. Why, shall we to prison, my lord? |
||
150 |
||
Ralph. What sayest, Miles, shall I honour the prison |
||
152 |
with my presence? |
|
154 |
Miles. No, no; out with your blades, |
= "take out your
swords". |
And hamper these jades; |
= beat.1 = name
for worthless, broken-down horses. |
|
156 |
Have a flurt and a crash, |
= sudden movement or
attack.1
= smashing of bodies.1 |
Now play revel-dash, |
= the joyful
application of blows.1 |
|
158 |
And teach these sacerdos |
= Latin for priest,
used here for "priests".1 |
That the Bocardos, |
||
160 |
Like peasants and elves, |
160: the sense is,
"for peasants and poor fellows (elves)1 |
Are meet for themselves. |
161: ie. the Bacardos
prison is a fitting (meet) place for men |
|
162 |
like them. |
|
Mason. To the prison with them, constable. |
||
164 |
||
War. Well, doctors, seeing I have sported me |
= enjoyed myself. |
|
166 |
With laughing at these mad and merry-wags, |
= wags were
jokers or fellows; merry-wags may be a play |
Know that Prince Edward is at Brazen-nose, |
||
168 |
And this, attirèd like the Prince of
Wales, |
= "this
person", indicating Ralph. |
Is Ralph, King Henry's only lovèd fool; |
= especially.4 |
|
170 |
I, Earl of Sussex, and this Ermsby, |
= editors note
Ermsby's name is trisyllabic here: ER-mis-by. |
One of the privy-chamber
to the king; |
171: one who has
admittance to the king's private apart- |
|
172 |
Who, while the prince with Friar Bacon stays, |
ments, ie. a chamberlain.1,4 |
Have revelled it in Oxford as you see. |
||
174 |
||
Mason. My lord, pardon us, we knew not what you were: |
||
176 |
But courtiers may make greater scapes
than these. |
176: "but members
of the king's court are licensed to |
Wilt please your honour dine with me to-day? |
engage in more thoughtless
transgressions or |
|
178 |
||
War. I will, Master Doctor, and satisfy the vintner |
= recompense.2 |
|
180 |
for his hurt; only I must desire you to
imagine him |
180-1: I
must…Wales = Warren requests Mason to |
all this forenoon the Prince of Wales. |
continue to treat Ralph (him) as
if he were the prince |
|
182 |
for the remainder of the morning; Warren
presumably |
|
Mason. I will, sir. |
||
184 |
||
Ralph. And upon that I will lead the way; only I |
= on that condition. |
|
186 |
will have Miles go before me, because I have
heard |
|
Henry say that wisdom must go before majesty. |
||
188 |
||
[Exeunt.] |
||
190 |
||
192 |
SCENE VIII. |
|
Fressingfield. |
||
Enter Prince Edward
with his poniard in his hand, |
= dagger. |
|
Lacy, and Margaret. |
||
1 |
Pr. Edw.
Lacy, thou canst not shroud
thy traitorous |
= conceal. |
2 |
Nor cover, as did Cassius, all thy
wiles; |
2: "nor hide your
schemes (from me), as did Cassius", |
For Edward hath an eye that looks as
far |
= sees. |
|
4 |
As Lynceus from the shores of Græcia. |
4: Lynceus,
steersman of the Argonauts, and a participator |
Did not I sit in Oxford by the friar, |
||
6 |
And see thee court the maid of Fressingfield, |
|
Sealing thy flattering fancies with a
kiss? |
= loves. |
|
8 |
Did not proud Bungay draw his portace
forth, |
= book of offices. |
And joining hand in hand had married
you, |
= would have. |
|
10 |
If Friar Bacon had not stroke him dumb, |
= struck. |
And mounted him upon a spirit's back, |
||
12 |
That we might chat at Oxford with the friar? |
|
Traitor, what answer'st! Is not all this true? |
||
14 |
||
Lacy. Truth all, my lord; and thus I make
reply. |
||
16 |
At Harleston Fair, there courting for
your grace, |
= on behalf of. |
Whenas
mine eye surveyed her curious shape, |
= when. = exquisite form. |
|
18 |
And drew the beauteous glory of her looks |
|
To dive into the centre of my heart, |
||
20 |
Love taught me that your honour did but
jest, |
= "you were not
serious about her". |
That princes were in fancy but as men; |
= love. |
|
22 |
How that the lovely maid of Fressingfield |
|
Was fitter to be Lacy's wedded wife |
||
24 |
Than concubine unto the Prince of
Wales. |
= paramour. |
26 |
Pr. Edw.
Injurious Lacy, did I
love thee more |
|
Than Alexander his Hephæstiön? |
27: Hephaestion
was Alexander the Great's favourite |
|
28 |
Did I unfold the passions of my love, |
= reveal. |
And lock them in the closet of thy thoughts? |
||
30 |
Wert thou to Edward second to himself, |
= meaning Lacy was
Edward's closest friend. |
Sole friend, and partner of his secret
loves? |
= ie. partaker in
knowledge, ie. confidant. |
|
32 |
And could a glance of fading beauty
break |
= Ward suggests
"beauty which will eventually fade", |
Th' enchainèd fetters of such private
friends? |
= linked chains, ie.
close ties. |
|
34 |
Base coward, false, and too effeminate |
= in the sense that
Lacy, like a woman, has weakly let |
To be corrival with a prince in
thoughts! |
= partner or
companion.1 |
|
36 |
From Oxford have I posted since I dined, |
|
To quite a traitor 'fore that Edward
sleep. |
= repay, ie.
kill. = ie. "before I go to sleep
tonight." |
|
38 |
||
Marg. 'Twas I, my lord, not Lacy, stept awry. |
= "who
misstepped", ie. erred. |
|
40 |
For oft he sued and courted for
yourself, |
= frequently. |
And still wooed for the courtier all in green; |
||
42 |
But I, whom fancy made but over-fond, |
= "love caused to
behave too foolishly (over-fond)". |
Pleaded myself with looks as if I loved. |
43: "wooed for
myself by sending meaningful glances (to |
|
44 |
I fed mine eye with gazing on his face, |
|
And still bewitched loved Lacy with my
looks; |
= continuously
attempted to enchant. |
|
46 |
My heart with sighs, mine eyes pleaded with
tears, |
|
My face held pity and content at once, |
= ie. "had a look
that demanded pity but also appeared |
|
48 |
And more I could not cipher-out by signs, |
= express, signal.1 =
gestures and facial expressions, ie. |
But that I loved Lord Lacy with my heart. |
||
50 |
Then, worthy Edward, measure with thy mind |
50-51: measure…fall
= "judge fairly or honestly if a |
If women's favours will not force men
fall; |
woman's charms or
closely attentive behaviour (favours) cannot compel a man to fall in
love with her." |
|
52 |
If beauty, and if darts of piercing
love, |
= arrows, a metaphor
with piercing. |
Are not offered to bury thoughts of friends. |
53: ie. "cannot
act to cause a man to forget (that he is |
|
54 |
||
Pr. Edw.
I tell thee, Peggy, I
will have thy loves; |
55f: in this
speech, Edward tries to tempt Margaret by presenting her with images of the
wealth and honour she will have as his paramour. |
|
56 |
Edward or none shall conquer Margaret. |
|
In frigates bottomed with rich Sethin
planks, |
57-60: Edward
describes the ships Margaret will ride on, and then in 61-66 paints a fairy-tale image of
sea-creatures, both real and imagined, courting her. |
|
58 |
Topt with the lofty firs of Lebanon, |
58: "with masts
made from the cedar trees of Lebanon". |
Stemmed
and incased with burnished ivory, |
59: the stem of
a ship referred to its prow; hence, Edward is |
|
60 |
And over-laid with plates of Persian
wealth, |
= gold or silver leaf.1 |
Like Thetis shall thou wanton on
the waves, |
61: Thetis
= famous and oft referred-to sea-nymph of |
|
62 |
And draw the dolphins to thy lovely eyes, |
|
To dance lavoltas in the purple
streams: |
63: lavoltas
= oft-mentioned lively dances, with leaping.
|
|
64 |
Sirens,
with harps and silver psalteries, |
64: Sirens
= famous sea-monsters of myth, who lured |
Shall wait with music at thy frigate's stem, |
= ie. "attend on
you". = prow. |
|
66 |
And entertain fair Margaret with their lays. |
= songs. |
England and England's wealth shall wait on
thee; |
||
68 |
Britain shall bend unto her prince's
love, |
= ie. bend its
collective knee to. |
And do due homage to thine excellence, |
||
70 |
If thou wilt be but Edward's Margaret. |
|
72 |
Marg. Pardon, my lord; if Jove's great royalty |
72-73: if
Jove's…Danae = "even if Jove (the king of the |
Sent me such presents as to Danaë; |
gods) were to give me
such gifts as he gave to Danae;" a reference to another famous
story from myth: Acrisius, the king of Argos, received an oracle that
the future son of his daughter Danae would grow up to kill him. To prevent
this event, Acrisius kept Danae locked away in a bronze (brazen) tower or
underground apartment. Jupiter visited her in the form of a shower of gold,
which impregnated her, resulting in the birth of the Greek hero Perseus, who
went on to slay Acrisius, fulfilling the oracle |
|
74 |
If Phœbus, 'tirèd in Latona's webs, |
74: "if the god Apollo
(here yet again identified by his alternate name of Phoebus),
figuratively dressed ('tired, ie. attired) in the rays of the sun
fashioned by his mother Latona (the beautiful goddess of dark nights,
known in Greek as Leto)".4,27 |
Came courting from the beauty of his lodge; |
= where the sun goes
at night; Collins notes a line from Romeo and Juliet in which the sun
was commanded to gallop "Toward Phoebus' lodging." |
|
76 |
The dulcet tunes
of frolic Mercury, |
76: The
= read the beginning of the line as "Not the". |
Nor all the wealth Heaven's treasury affords, |
= ie. can provide. |
|
78 |
Should make me leave Lord Lacy or his love. |
|
80 |
Pr. Edw.
I have learned at
Oxford, then, this point of schools − |
= "important
argument used in disputation in the schools" |
Abata causa, tollitur effectus: |
81: "the cause
being removed, the effect will fall." A |
|
82 |
Lacy, the cause that Margaret cannot love |
82-83: Lacy is the
agency which has caused Margaret to |
Nor fix her liking on the English prince, |
||
84 |
Take him away, and then th' effects will fail.
− |
84: "so if Lacy
is removed from the scene, the thing he |
Villain, prepare thyself; for I will bathe |
caused - Margaret's failure to love the
prince - will also |
|
86 |
My poniard in the bosom of an earl. |
be removed, or
reversed." |
88 |
Lacy. Rather than live, and miss fair Margaret's love, |
= lose.4 |
Prince Edward, stop not at the fatal doom, |
= "don't stop at
only having rendered my sentence to me"; |
|
90 |
But stab it home: end both my loves and
life. |
= the use of home,
as in the modern expression "bring it |
home", suggesting the completion or
full expression of |
||
92 |
Marg. Brave Prince of Wales, honoured for royal deeds, |
|
'Twere sin to stain fair Venus' courts
with blood; |
= common metaphor for
settings of love; see Scene I.91. |
|
94 |
Love's conquests ends,
my lord, in courtesy: |
95: when love is
victorious, the response should be gracious. |
Spare Lacy, gentle Edward; let me die, |
||
96 |
For so both you and he do cease your loves. |
96: ie. "so that
neither you nor Lacy will love me anymore." |
98 |
Pr. Edw.
Lacy shall die as a
traitor to his lord. |
|
100 |
Lacy. I have deserved it,
Edward; act it well. |
= "carry out the
sentence thoroughly."4 |
102 |
Marg. What hopes the prince to gain by Lacy's death? |
|
104 |
Pr. Edw.
To end the loves
'twixt him and Margaret. |
|
106 |
Marg. Why, thinks King Henry's son that Margaret's love |
|
Hangs in th' uncertain balance of proud time? |
107: ie. "is so
fickle that the passing of time alone will cause |
|
108 |
That death shall make a discord of our
thoughts! |
= ie. "cause a
disruption in our mutual feelings of love!" |
No, slay the earl, and, 'fore the morning sun |
109-110: 'fore
the…east = ie. before three more days have |
|
110 |
Shall vaunt him thrice over the lofty
east, |
= proudly show itself.7 |
Margaret will meet her Lacy in the heavens. |
111: Margaret asserts
she will kill herself. |
|
112 |
||
Lacy. If aught betides to lovely Margaret |
= anything happens.2 |
|
114 |
That wrongs or wrings her honour from content, |
114: that causes her
honour to be harmed or deprived of its |
Europe's rich wealth nor England's monarchy |
115-6: "then
neither all the money in Europe, nor the |
|
116 |
Should not allure Lacy to over-live. |
possession of England's throne itself,
would tempt me |
Then, Edward, short my life, and end
her loves. |
= shorten. |
|
118 |
||
Marg. Rid me, and
keep a friend worth many loves. |
= get rid of, ie.
kill. |
|
120 |
||
Lacy. Nay, Edward, keep a love worth many friends. |
121: note how neatly
Lacy inverts Margaret's words. |
|
122 |
||
Marg. And if thy mind be such as fame hath blazed, |
123: "and if your
character or disposition (mind) is really |
|
124 |
Then, princely Edward, let us both abide |
124-5: let us
both…rage = "let us both face the death- |
The fatal resolution of thy rage. |
||
126 |
Banish thou fancy, and embrace revenge, |
= "forget about
your love, and embrace revenge instead". |
And in one tomb knit both our carcases, |
= unite. = commonly used at the time for "dead
bodies". |
|
128 |
Whose hearts were linkèd in one perfect love. |
|
130 |
Pr. Edw.
[Aside] |
|
Edward, art thou that famous Prince of Wales, |
||
132 |
Who at Damasco beat the Saracens, |
= Damascus. = common word describing Arabs or Muslims,
especially during the Crusades; Edward refers to his role in the Ninth
Crusade, previously mentioned at Scene IV.29. |
And brought'st home triumph on thy lance's
point? |
||
134 |
And shall thy plumes be pulled by Venus
down? |
= feathers in his
helmet, symbolic of his greatness of |
Is't princely to dissever lovers' leagues, |
= "is it the
behaviour of a prince or king to tear asunder the |
|
136 |
To part such friends as glory in
their loves? |
= separate. = exult. |
Leave, Ned, and make a
virtue of this fault, |
= "cease (your
present course of behaviour)". |
|
138 |
And further Peg and Lacy in their
loves: |
= ie. assist. |
So in subduing fancy's passiön, |
139-140: Edward
decides to conquer his emotions, which till |
|
140 |
Conquering thyself, thou gett'st the richest spoil.
− |
140: in this neat
military metaphor, Edward compares himself to a victorious army, which in
conquering the enemy (which in this case represents his emotions) gets the
greatest amount of booty (spoils); which in Edward's case, is the
moral victory of having done the noble, and self-sacrificial, thing. |
Lacy, rise up.
Fair Peggy, here 's my hand: |
||
142 |
The Prince of Wales hath conquered all his
thoughts, |
|
And all his loves he yields unto the earl. |
||
144 |
Lacy, enjoy the maid of Fressingfield; |
|
Make her thy Lincoln Countess at the church, |
||
146 |
And Ned, as he is true Plantagenet, |
|
Will give her to thee frankly for thy
wife. |
= without reservation,
unconditionally.2 |
|
148 |
||
Lacy. Humbly I take her of my sovereign, |
= from. |
|
150 |
As if that
Edward gave me England's right, |
150: As if that
= ie. "this to me is of the same value as if". |
And riched me with the Albion diadem. |
= enriched. = English crown; Albion was the
ancient name |
|
152 |
for England. |
|
Marg. And doth the English prince mean true? |
||
154 |
Will he vouchsafe to cease his former loves, |
= willingly or
graciouisly.1 |
And yield the title of a country maid |
= "claim
to"; title is a legal term. |
|
156 |
Unto Lord Lacy? |
|
158 |
Pr. Edw.
I will, fair Peggy, as I am true lord. |
|
160 |
Marg. Then, lordly sir, whose conquest is as great, |
|
In conquering love, as Caesar's victories, |
||
162 |
Margaret, as mild and humble in her thoughts |
|
As was Aspasia unto Cyrus self, |
163: Cyrus is
Cyrus the Younger (424-401 B.C.), son of the Persian emperor Darius II; Aspasia
was his favourite wife, thanks to her superiority of intellect and wisdom,
and Cyrus never failed to take her advice. They lived together with mutual
affection until his death in battle at Cunaxa. He was only 23.12 |
|
164 |
Yields thanks, and, next Lord Lacy,
doth enshrine |
= after. |
Edward the second secret in her heart. |
= ie. second only to
Lacy in closeness.6 |
|
166 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Gramercy, Peggy: − Now that vows are past, |
= thanks. = Seltzer prefers passed here,
meaning |
|
168 |
And that your loves are not to be revolt, |
= withdrawn or
overturned.8 |
Once, Lacy, friends again. Come, we will post |
||
170 |
To Oxford; for this day the king is there, |
|
And brings for Edward Castile Elinor. − |
171: in hindsight, it
seems it would have been rather thoughtless, tragically pointless really, for
Edward to have killed Lacy to get Margaret for himself, when he is perfectly
aware that he is only hours away from receiving the Spanish princess as his
betrothed. |
|
172 |
Peggy, I must go see and view my wife: |
|
I pray God I like her as I loved thee. |
||
174 |
Beside, Lord Lincoln, we shall hear dispute |
|
'Twixt Friar Bacan and learned Vandermast.
− |
||
176 |
Peggy, we’ll leave you for a week or two. |
|
178 |
Marg. As it please Lord Lacy; but love's foolish looks |
178-9: the sense seems
to be, "when one is in love, one's |
Think footsteps miles and minutes to be hours. |
sweetheart's distance and time away seem
much further |
|
180 |
and longer than they really are. |
|
Lacy. I'll hasten, Peggy, to make short return. − |
||
182 |
But please your honour go unto the
lodge, |
= spoken to Edward. |
We shall have butter, cheese, and venison; |
||
184 |
And yesterday I brought for Margaret |
|
A lusty bottle of neat claret-wine: |
= flavourful or
robust.2
= tasty or pure.2,4
= a light-red wine. |
|
186 |
Thus we can feast and entertain your grace. |
|
188 |
Pr. Edw.
'Tis cheer,
Lord Lacy, for an emperor, |
= a meal. = ie. fit for. |
If he respect
the person and the place. |
= takes into account;4
Edward's point is a generous one, |
|
190 |
Come, let us in; for I will all this
night |
= throughout. |
Ride post until I come to Bacon's cell. |
||
192 |
||
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE IX. |
||
Oxford. |
||
Enter King Henry, the
Emperor, the King of Castile, |
||
Elinor, Vandermast,
and Bungay. |
Entering Characters: Vandermast is Jaques Vandermast, |
|
the previously mentioned German
magician. |
||
1 |
Emp. Trust me, Plantagenet, the Oxford schools |
|
2 |
Are richly seated near the
river-side: |
= splendidly
situated. = Oxford is located at the
confluence |
The mountains full of fat and fallow
deer, |
3: mountains
= as Ward notes, there are not really any |
|
4 |
The battling pastures lade with kine
and flocks, |
4: the fattening or
nourishing (battling) pastures laden with |
The town gorgeous with high-built colleges, |
5: Ward notes that
this description fits the Oxford of |
|
6 |
And scholars seemly in their grave attire, |
|
Learnèd in searching principles of
art. − |
= seeking out.6 =the
foundations of the liberal arts.4 |
|
8 |
What is thy judgment, Jaques Vandermast? |
= "what do you
think?" = Jaques, we
remember, is |
10 |
Vand. That lordly are the buildings of the town, |
= noble.1 |
Spacious the rooms, and full of
pleasant walks; |
1-11: such
self-congratulatory praising of England and its |
|
12 |
But for the doctors, how that they be
learnèd, |
= ie. to what degree. |
It may be meanly, for aught I
can hear. |
= ie. poorly. = anything. |
|
14 |
||
Bung. I tell thee, German, Hapsburg holds none such, |
||
16 |
None read so deep as Oxenford
contains; |
= so highly skilled or
well-versed.1
= ancient spelling of |
There are within our academic state |
||
18 |
Men that may lecture it in Germany |
= the sense is,
"who are good enough to lecture". |
To all the doctors of your Belgic
schools. |
= schools of the Low
Countries, which were part of the |
|
20 |
||
K. Hen.
Stand to him, Bungay, charm this Vandermast, |
21: Stand to him
= ie. "stand up to him", or "maintain your |
|
22 |
And I will use thee as a royal king. |
22: "and I will
treat or reward you as would be expected of |
24 |
Vand. Wherein dar'st thou dispute
with me? |
27: the dispute,
or formal debate, between the two magicians |
26 |
Bung. In what a doctor and a friar can. |
26: "in whatever
areas a scholar and cleric are skilled in."6 |
28 |
Vand. Before rich Europe's worthies put thou forth |
28-29: "here in
front of Europe's greatest men, why don't |
The doubtful question unto Vandermast. |
= the sense is
"unsettled" or "debatable". |
|
30 |
||
Bung. Let it be this, − Whether the spirits of |
31-33: the first topic
of debate is, which spirits are superior, |
|
32 |
pyromancy or geomancy be most predominant in |
those which can be
summoned from the earth (Bungay's |
magic? |
position) or fire
(Vandermast's position). |
|
34 |
All matter was thought to be composed of
four elements - air, earth, fire and water. Sorcerers were able to engage in
divination through the observation and manipulation of each of these elements
- arts known as aeromancy, geomancy, pyromancy, and hydromancy, respectively.
See the notes at Scene II.21-23. |
|
Vand. I say, of pyromancy. |
||
36 |
||
Bung. And I, of geomancy. |
||
38 |
||
Vand. The cabalists that write of magic
spells, |
= those skilled in
magic.1 |
|
40 |
As Hermes, Melchie, and Pythagoras, |
40: Hermes
= Hermes Trismegistus, perhaps an author from ancient Egypt or Greece,
who was said to have written compendiums containing all human knowledge; also
ascribed to him were neo-Platonic writings on astrology and magic.10 |
Affirm that, 'mongst the quadruplicity |
41-42: 'mongst…essence
= ie. regarding the four elements; |
|
42 |
Of elemental essence, terra is
but thought |
= earth. |
To be a punctum squarèd
to the rest; |
43: "to be a mere
point or atom (punctum) compared |
|
44 |
And that the compass of ascending
elements |
44-47: Vandermast is
referring to and describing the |
Exceed in bigness as they do in height; |
cosmological belief
that the four elements inhabited their own spheres or regions around the
planet earth; the element earth comprised the smallest and innermost sphere;
immediately surrounding it was the sphere of water, then around that air, and
finally fire. |
|
46 |
Judging the concave circle of the sun |
46-47: the sphere (concave
circle) of fire (for which Greene |
To hold the rest in his circumference, |
has written sun)
thus contains within it the spheres of the other elements. |
|
48 |
If, then, as Hermes says, the fire be
greatest, |
48-51: briefly, since
fire is the highest element, its spirits |
Purest, and only giveth shape to spirits, |
= is the preeminent (only)1
element that produces spirits. |
|
50 |
Then must these demonès that haunt
that place |
50: demones
= spirits; the word is pronounced with three |
Be every way superior to the rest. |
syllables. |
|
52 |
||
Bung. I reason not of elemental shapes, |
53-55: Bungay is not
intimidated by the profusion of erudite |
|
54 |
Nor tell I of the concave latitudes, |
knowledge spouted by
Vandermast: "I'm not going to talk |
Noting their essence nor their quality, |
about the forms or
spheres of the elements (elemental shapes), nor of their spherical
volumes (concave latitudes),1 nor waste time discussing
their characteristics"; his point is that these are irrelevant
side-issues. |
|
56 |
But of the spirits that pyromancy calls, |
56: spirits
= spirits here, and in lines 63, 72 and 81 below, |
And of the vigour of the geomantic
fiends. |
= power.2 =
spirits of the earth. |
|
58 |
I tell thee, German, magic haunts the grounds, |
= ie. is present
in. = types of soil or earth,6
or perhaps it |
And those strange necromantic spells, |
||
60 |
That work such shows and wondering in
the world, |
= sights.6 |
Are acted by those geomantic spirits |
= performed (solely)
by. |
|
62 |
That Hermes calleth terræ filii. |
= literally "sons
of the earth"; filias was the name assigned |
The fiery spirits are but transparent shades, |
= shadows. |
|
64 |
That lightly pass as heralds to bear news; |
64: ie. spirits of the
fire are as inconsequential or lacking in |
But earthly fiends, closed in the lowest
deep, |
= enclosed,
contained. = deepest earth. |
|
66 |
Dissever
mountains, if they be but charged, |
= "can
split". = commanded (to do so). |
Being more gross and massy in
their power. |
= greater.2 =
substantial.1 |
|
68 |
||
Vand. Rather these earthly geomantic spirits |
||
70 |
Are dull and like the place where they remain; |
|
For when proud Lucifer fell from the
heavens, |
71-72: Lucifer,
who had been the most beautiful and favoured of all angels, rebelled against
God, who tossed him, along with his co-conspirators, into hell. |
|
72 |
The spirits and angels that did sin with him, |
|
Retained their local essence as
their faults, |
= defining
characteristics. = ie. "just as
they did" |
|
74 |
All subject under Luna's continent. |
74-78: the sphere of
the moon (Luna's continent) - which was considered a planet in
Ptolemaic astrology - surrounded the spheres of the elements. |
They which offended less hung in the fire, |
||
76 |
And second faults did rest within the
air; |
= "those of
second greater". |
But Lucifer and his proud-hearted fiends |
||
78 |
Were thrown into the centre of the earth, |
|
Having less understanding than the
rest, |
= Seltzer suggests
"reason". |
|
80 |
As having greater sin and lesser grace. |
= ie. God's favour. |
Therefore such gross and earthly spirits do serve |
= dull, clumsy.1 |
|
82 |
For jugglers, witches, and vild
sorcerers; |
= magicians. = vile. |
Whereas the pyromantic genii |
= spirits of the fire. |
|
84 |
Are mighty, swift, and of far-reaching power. |
|
But grant that geomancy hath most
force; |
= ie. "let's
say", or "let us accept for argument's sake". |
|
86 |
Bungay, to please these mighty potentates, |
= ie. the kings who
are present. |
Prove by some instance what thy art can do. |
= "provide an
example". = magic. |
|
88 |
||
Bung. I will. |
||
90 |
||
Emp. Now, English Harry, here begins the game; |
||
92 |
We shall see sport between these
learnèd men. |
= ie. "some good
fun". |
94 |
Vand. What wilt thou do? |
|
96 |
Bung. Show thee the tree, leaved
with refinèd gold, |
= summon; Collins
notes that the conjuring of plants and |
Whereon the fearful dragon held his
seat, |
= fearful was
commonly used, as here, to mean "causing |
|
98 |
That watched the garden called
Hesperidès, |
= guarded. |
Subdued and won by conquering Hercules. |
96-99: Hercules'
11th labour was to bring back to Eurystheus (the king who was in
charge of giving Hercules his impossible tasks) several golden apples from an
orchard protected by both three or four nymphs known as the Hesperides
and a dragon Ladon. In one version of the myth, Hercules slew the dragon and
was able to retrieve the apples.10 |
|
100 |
||
Here Bungay conjures,
and the tree appears |
101-2: Seltzer
observes the tree would likely arise through |
|
102 |
with the dragon
shooting fire. |
a trap door on the stage. |
104 |
Vand. Well done! |
104: as we shall see,
the German is humouring Bungay. |
106 |
K. Hen.
What say you, royal lordings,
to my friar? |
= lords. |
Hath he not done a point of cunning
skill? |
= the sense seems to
be "fine example"; the phrase the |
|
108 |
||
Vand. Each scholar in the necromantic
spells |
= every or any
student; Vandermast is dismissive in this |
|
110 |
Can do as much as Bungay hath performed! |
|
But as Alcmena's bastard razed
this tree, |
111: Alcmena's
bastard = contemptuous reference to |
|
112 |
So will I raise him up as when he lived, |
112: note Vandermast's
pun of raise with raze. |
And cause him pull the dragon from his
seat, |
= ie. to pull down. |
|
114 |
And tear the branches piecemeal from
the root. − |
= one piece at a time,
or into pieces. |
Hercules! Prodi, prodi,
Hercules! |
= "come forth". |
|
116 |
||
Hercules appears in
his lion’s skin. |
117: Hercules was
frequently portrayed wearing the skin of a lion he had killed when he was a
young man, still employed in guarding his father's oxen.10 |
|
118 |
||
Herc. Quis me vult? |
119: "who wants me?" |
|
120 |
||
Vand. Jove's bastard son, thou Libyan Hercules, |
= various heroes named
Heracles (the earlier form of the |
|
122 |
Pull off the sprigs from off th' Hesperian
tree, |
Latinized Hercules) appeared in
different parts of the |
As once thou didst to win the golden fruit. |
ancient world, including one from Egypt,
or Libya, and |
|
124 |
||
Herc. Fiat. |
125: "let it be
done." |
|
126 |
||
[Begins to break
down the branches.] |
||
128 |
||
Vand. Now, Bungay, if thou canst by magic charm |
= dissuade, though charm
was also used at the time in the |
|
130 |
The fiend, appearing like great
Hercules, |
= spirit; it is not
really Hercules they are watching, but a |
From pulling down the branches of the tree, |
||
132 |
Then art thou worthy to be counted
learnèd. |
= recognized as,
accounted, called. |
134 |
Bung. I cannot. |
|
136 |
Vand. Cease, Hercules, until I give thee charge. − |
= a (new) command. |
Mighty commander of this English isle, |
||
138 |
Henry, come from the stout
Plantagenets, |
= descended. = valiant.2 |
Bungay is learned enough to be a friar; |
= educated. |
|
140 |
But to compare with Jaques Vandermast, |
|
Oxford and Cambridge must go seek their
cells |
= ie. "will have
to search the quarters of all their scholars". |
|
142 |
To find a man to match him in his art. |
= magic. |
I have given non-plus to the Paduans, |
= baffled; Vandermast
goes on to list the towns whose |
|
144 |
To them of Sien, Florence, and Bologna, |
= Sienna; all the
towns listed here contained universities in |
Rheïms, Louvain, and fair Rotterdam, |
145: Rheims and
fair (FAY-er) may be disyllabic. |
|
146 |
Frankfort, Lutrech, and Orleans: |
= Lutrech could
be Utrecht, a town in Holland,9 or, as |
And now must Henry, if he do
me right, |
||
148 |
Crown me with laurel, as they all have
done. |
= the traditional wreath
of laurel leaves presented to the |
victor. |
||
150 |
Enter Bacon.
|
|
152 |
Bacon. All hail to this royal company, |
= hail may be
disyllabic: HAY-al; or else a syllable dropped |
That sit to hear and see this strange dispute!
− |
||
154 |
Bungay, how stands't thou as a man amazed. |
= stunned. |
What, hath the German acted more than
thou? |
= performed. |
|
156 |
||
Vand. What art thou that
questions thus? |
= who. |
|
158 |
||
Bacon. Men call me Bacon. |
||
160 |
||
Vand. Lordly thou look'st, as if that thou wert learned; |
||
162 |
Thy countenance as if science held
her seat |
= face,
expression. = ie. sat or occupied a
position of |
Between the circled arches of thy brows. |
authority. |
|
164 |
||
K. Hen.
Now, monarchs, hath
the German found his |
||
166 |
||
Emp. Bestir thee, Jaques, take not now the foil, |
= the sense of the
line seems to be, "give it your full effort, |
|
168 |
Lest thou dost lose what foretime thou
didst gain. |
= previously;1
the Emperor doesn’t want his countryman |
to lose the title of champion to the
Englishman. |
||
170 |
Vand. Bacon, wilt thou dispute? |
|
172 |
Bacon. No, |
|
Unless he were more learned than
Vandermast: |
= ie. "such a
person as I might dispute". |
|
174 |
For yet, tell me, what
hast thou done? |
= ie. but. |
176 |
Vand. Raised Hercules to ruinate that tree |
= tear down. |
That Bungay mounted by his magic
spells. |
= raised, ie. caused
to appear. |
|
178 |
||
Bacon. Set Hercules to work. |
||
180 |
||
Vand. Now, Hercules, I charge thee to thy task; |
= order. |
|
182 |
Pull off the golden branches from the root. |
|
184 |
Herc. I dare not. See'st thou not great Bacon here, |
184-5: note that
Hercules suddenly can speak English! |
Whose frown doth act more than thy magic can? |
||
186 |
||
Vand. By all the thrones, and dominatiöns, |
187-8: Vandermast's
evocation uses terms derived from the |
|
188 |
Virtues, powers, and mighty hierarchies, |
classification system
for angels, as described by the 5th- |
I charge thee to obey to Vandermast. |
6th century Christian
philosopher Dionysius (also known as pseudo-Dionysius). According to
Dionysius, angels existed in three groups, or hierarchies: |
|
190 |
||
Herc. Bacon, that bridles headstrong Belcephon, |
= ie. "who
controls". |
|
192 |
And rules Asmenoth, guider of the
north, |
192: Asmenoth
is another demon who apparently serves Bacon; he is likely an invention of
Greene's. Asmenoth is referred to as Astmeroth in Scene 11 at line
151. |
Binds me from yielding unto
Vandermast. |
= ie. prevents. |
|
194 |
||
K. Hen.
How now, Vandermast,
have you met with |
||
196 |
your match? |
|
198 |
Vand. Never before was't known to Vandermast |
|
That men held devils in such obedient awe. |
||
200 |
Bacon doth more than art, or else I fail. |
200: "Bacon
practices something more than ordinary |
|
sorcery, or else I am mistaken."4 |
|
202 |
Emp. Why, Vandermast, art thou overcome? − |
|
Bacon, dispute with him, and try his skill. |
203: with the German
having been defeated by Bacon in a contest of magic, the Emperor encourages
the sorcerers to engage in a theological debate. |
|
204 |
||
Bacon. I come not, monarchs, for to hold dispute |
= ie. in order. |
|
206 |
With such a novice as is Vandermast; |
= ouch! |
I come to have your royalties to dine |
= majesties. |
|
208 |
With Friar Bacon here in Brazen-nose. |
|
And, for this German
troubles but the place, |
= because. |
|
210 |
And holds this audience with a long suspense, |
|
I'll send him to his ácadémy hence. − |
||
212 |
Thou Hercules, whom Vandermast did raise, |
|
Transport the German unto Hapsburg straight, |
||
214 |
That he may learn by travail, 'gainst
the spring, |
214: travail
= hard work, though there may be a secondary |
More secret dooms and aphorisms of
art. − |
= concealed decrees.4 =
maxims or principles of magic. |
|
216 |
Vanish
the tree, and thou away with him! |
216: an imperative:
"remove the tree (spoken to Hercules), |
218 |
[Exit Hercules with
Vandermast and the tree.] |
218: Hercules
presumably drags the tree and Vandermast |
220 |
Emp. Why, Bacon, whither dost thou send him? |
= to where. |
222 |
Bacon. To Hapsburg: there your highness at return |
= ie. "at
your". |
Shall find the German in his study safe. |
||
224 |
||
K. Hen. Bacon, thou hast honoured England with thy skill, |
||
226 |
And made fair Oxford famous by thine art. |
|
I will be English Henry to thyself. |
227: "I will
reward you as an English king should reward |
|
228 |
But tell me, shall we dine with thee to-day? |
one who has served England so well"
(Ward). |
230 |
Bacon. With me, my lord; and while I fit my cheer, |
= "prepare the
food and drink (cheer)". |
See where Prince Edward comes to welcome you, |
||
232 |
Gracious as is the morning-star of
Heaven. |
232: Edward is
compared to Venus (the morning-star), |
|
which is visible in the early dawn.1 |
|
234 |
Enter Prince Edward,
Lacy, Warren, Ermsby. |
|
236 |
Emp. Is this Prince Edward, Henry's royal son? |
|
How martial is the figure of his face! |
||
238 |
Yet lovely and beset with amorets. |
= love-kindling or
-causing looks (Dyce). |
240 |
K. Hen.
Ned, where hast thou
been? |
|
242 |
Pr. Edw.
At Framingham, my
lord, to try your bucks |
= test out. Note that
the name for Framlingham was |
If they could scape the teasers or the toil. |
243: "to see if
they could escape the hunting-dogs (teasers) |
|
244 |
But hearing of these lordly potentates, |
|
Landed, and progressed up to Oxford
town, |
= ie. travelled in a
royal formal manner. |
|
246 |
I posted to give entertain to them: |
|
Chief to the Almain
monarch; next to him, |
= foremostly. = German emperor. |
|
248 |
And joint with him, Castile and Saxony |
= joined,
together. = the duke of Saxony, who we
remember |
Are welcome as they may be to the English
court. |
249: this line, as
well as line 251 below, are examples of |
|
250 |
Thus for the men: but see, Venus
appears, |
= so much for. = Edward, who has himself just been |
Or one that overmatcheth Venus in her shape! |
= surpasses. = form, ie. beauty. |
|
252 |
Sweet Elinor, beauty's high-swelling pride, |
252: personified
Beauty is swollen with pride over Elinor. |
Rich nature's glory and her wealth at once, |
= in one. |
|
254 |
Fair of all fairs,
welcome to Albion; |
= beauty. = beautiful women. = England. |
Welcome to me, and welcome to thine own, |
||
256 |
If that thou deign'st the welcome from
myself. |
= ie. "will
condescend to accept". |
258 |
Elin. Martial Plantagenet, Henry's high-minded son, |
|
The mark that Elinor did count
her aim, |
259: Elinor employs an
archery metaphor: Edward is the |
|
260 |
I liked thee 'fore I saw thee; now I love, |
|
And so as in so short a time I may; |
261: ie. "or at
least as is possible in so brief a period of |
|
262 |
Yet so as time shall never break that so, |
262: "but yet,
the passage of time won't change what I feel". |
And therefore so
accept of Elinor. |
||
264 |
||
K. of Cast.
Fear not, my lord,
this couple will agree, |
||
266 |
If love may creep into their wanton
eyes. − |
= playful. |
And therefore, Edward, I accept thee here, |
||
268 |
Without suspence, as my adopted son. |
= so as to prevent any
doubt or uncertainty. |
270 |
K. Hen.
Let me that joy in
these consorting greets, |
= take joy in. = harmonious (consorting)4
greetings or |
And glory in these honours done to Ned, |
expressions of good will.1 |
|
272 |
Yield thanks for all these favours to my son, |
|
And rest a true Plantagenet to all. |
= remain. |
|
274 |
||
Enter Miles with a cloth
and trenchers and salt. |
275: cloth
= table-cloth. |
|
276 |
||
Miles. Salvete, omnes reges, |
277: "hail, all
kings"; Miles resumes speaking in his John |
|
278 |
That govern your greges |
= flocks. |
In Saxony and Spain, |
||
280 |
In England and in Almain! |
|
For all this frolic rabble |
= merry mob. |
|
282 |
Must I cover the table |
|
With trenchers, salt, and cloth; |
||
284 |
And then look for your broth. |
= ie. "you may
expect". |
286 |
Emp. What pleasant fellow is this? |
= merry, droll. |
288 |
K. Hen.
'Tis, my lord, Doctor
Bacon's poor scholar. |
|
290 |
Miles. [Aside] My master hath made me sewer of |
= ancient name for the
attendant in charge of arrangements |
these great lords; and, God knows, I am as |
||
292 |
serviceable at a table as a sow is under an apple-tree: |
= "capable of
working as a server". = ie. not
at all. |
tis no matter; their cheer shall not be
great, and |
= fare. |
|
294 |
therefore what skills where the salt stand, before or |
= "what does it
matter". |
behind? |
294-5: where…behind =
the placement of the salt- |
|
296 |
cellar, which was usually of
considerable size, on the |
|
[Exit.] |
||
298 |
||
K. of Cast.
These scholars know
more skill in axioms, |
||
300 |
How to use quips and sleights of
sophistry, |
= equivocation.1 =
deceit or trickery. = bandying of |
Than for to cover courtly for a king. |
301: than how to set a
table in a royal manner fit to serve a |
|
302 |
||
Re-enter Miles with a mess
of pottage and broth; |
= serving or
course. = stew or porridge; very poor
fare |
|
304 |
And, after him, Bacon. |
indeed for a
king! |
306 |
Miles. Spill, sir? Why, do you think I never carried |
306f: Bacon has
apparently been berating Miles off-stage |
twopenny chop before in my life? − |
= cheap broth with
chopped meat, or hash.4 |
|
308 |
By your leave, nobile decus, |
= "noble ornament
or dignity" (Nimmo), or "your worshipful |
For here comes Doctor Bacon's pecus, |
= beast or single head
of cattle,7 meaning himself. |
|
310 |
Being in his full age |
310: "being in
his majority", ie. old enough now. |
To carry a mess of pottage. |
||
312 |
||
Bacon. Lordings, admire not if your cheer be this, |
= wonder. = meal. |
|
314 |
For we must keep our academic fare; |
314: "for we here
at Oxford must not vary from our usual |
No riot where philosophy doth reign: |
315: "there can
be no extravagance (riot) in a place where |
|
316 |
And therefore, Henry, place these
potentates, |
= seat; Bacon, notes
Ward, leaves it to Henry to decide |
And bid them fall unto their frugal cates. |
317: likely meaning
simply "sparing food"; but if cates has
|
|
318 |
||
Emp. Presumptuous
friar! What, scoff 'st thou at a king? |
= arrogant, improperly
bold. |
|
320 |
What, dost thou taunt us with thy peasants'
fare, |
|
And give us cates fit for country swains?
− |
= ie. rustics; the
line seems to have lost a syllable. |
|
322 |
Henry, proceeds this jest of thy
consent, |
= with, by. |
To twit us with a pittance of such price? |
= (little) worth or
value. |
|
324 |
Tell me, and Frederick will not grieve thee
long. |
= "trouble
you"; the Emperor doesn’t plan to stay around if |
Henry has sanctioned this meal. |
||
326 |
K. Hen.
By Henry's honour, and
the royal faith |
|
The English monarch beareth to his friend, |
||
328 |
I knew not of the friar's feeble fare, |
328: note the nice
alliteration in this line. |
Nor am I pleased he entertains you thus. |
||
330 |
||
Bacon. Content thee,
Frederick, for I showed these cates |
= "don't
worry", or "take it easy".
= the original quarto has |
|
332 |
To let thee see how scholars use to feed; |
= "usually
eat." |
How little meat refines our English
wits. − |
333: "how a
sparing diet improves (refines)1 our mental |
|
334 |
Miles, take away, and let it be thy
dinner. |
= ie. "take
it". |
336 |
Miles. Marry, sir, I will. |
|
This day shall be a festival-day with me; |
||
338 |
For I shall exceed in the highest
degree. |
= a university term
for "eating more than one is accustomed |
340 |
[Exit.] |
340: presumably Miles enthusiastically
takes the food |
342 |
Bacon. I tell thee, monarch, all the German peers |
= nobles. |
Could not afford thy entertainment such, |
= "to entertain
you in such a way". |
|
344 |
So royal and so full of majesty, |
|
As Bacon will present to Frederick. |
||
346 |
The basest waiter that attends thy cups |
= "will wait on
your goblets". |
Shall be in honours greater than
thyself; − |
= "in outward
show" (Ward). |
|
348 |
And for thy cates, rich Alexandria drugs, |
348: Seltzer notes
that Bacon turns to Henry here. |
Fetched by carvels from Egypt's richest
streights, |
349: carvels
= ie. caravels, light round ships, often with |
|
350 |
Found in the wealthy strand of Africa, |
= regions.1 |
Shall royalize the table of my king. |
= give royal character
to.4 |
|
352 |
Wines richer than th' Egyptian courtesan |
= ie. Cleopatra,
described unflatteringly as a whore. |
Quaffed to Augustus' kingly countermatch, |
353: ie. "drank
to Augustus' rival (countermatch)", ie. Mark Antony. |
|
354 |
Shall be caroused in English Henry's feast; |
|
Candy shall yield the
richest of her canes; |
355: Candy
= ie. Candia, meaning the island of Crete, of which Candia was the capital. |
|
356 |
Persia,
down her Volga by canoes, |
356: needless to say,
the Volga River is a Russian stream, emptying into the Caspian Sea,
and does not flow in Persia; but Greene made a similar error in his later
work Greene's Orpharion, in which he wrote of "the swift-running
Volga that leadeth into Persia."9 |
Send down the secrets of her spicery; |
= ie. complete
collection of spices.4 |
|
358 |
The Afric dates, mirabolans of
Spain, |
= dates were
grown in North Africa. = dried plums.2 |
Conserves
and suckets from Tiberias, |
359: conserves
= fruit preserved in sugar. |
|
360 |
Cates from Judaea, choicer than the lamp |
= delicacies from
Judea; but the editors have noted that the
|
That firèd Rome with sparks of gluttony, |
only product exported
from Judea in the 16th century was balm (an aromatic oil or resin used for
medicinal purposes); thus, given the frequent use of cates already
since 317 - four times prior to this line - cates indeed could be a
printer's error, and the line should perhaps read "Balm from Judea"
instead; but ultimately this is an unsatisfactory solution, since balm is not
a food, and would hardly fit with the rest of the dainties mentioned in
358-9, and would certainly not lead to the gluttony of line 361. |
|
362 |
Shall beautify the board for Frederick: |
= table. |
And therefore grudge
not at a friar's feast. |
= "do not
complain about".1 |
|
364 |
||
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE X. |
||
Fressingfield. |
||
Enter Lambert and
Serlsby with the Keeper. |
Entering Characters: Lambert and Serlsby are two local rustics;
they are visiting the Keeper as rivals for Margaret's hand in marriage. |
|
1 |
Lamb. Come, frolic Keeper of our liege's game, |
= merry. = ie. the king's. |
2 |
Whose table spread hath ever venison |
= always has. |
And jacks of wine to welcome passengers, |
3: jacks
= pitchers;4 possibly black-jacks, ie. large leather |
|
4 |
Know I'm in love with jolly Margaret, |
|
That overshines our damsels as the moon |
= who outshines. |
|
6 |
Darkeneth the brightest sparkles of the night. |
|
In Laxfield here my land and living
lies: |
7: Laxfield
= a village in Suffolk, about 6 miles north of |
|
8 |
I'll make thy daughter jointer of it
all, |
= jointress; Lambert
intends to legally pass ownership of |
So thou consent to give her to my wife; |
= provided that. |
|
10 |
And I can spend five-hundred marks a
year. |
= in England, a mark
was a unit of money worth 2/3 of a |
12 |
Serl. I am the lands-lord, Keeper, of thy holds, |
12-13: Serlsby is
explaining, more for the benefit of the |
By copy
all thy living lies in me; |
audience than the
Keeper, that he is the owner, or landlord, of the Keeper's home and farms;
the rights of the Keeper are in the form of a copyhold (by copy), a
property interest sort of like a lease, in which the lord retained the right
to the timber and minerals on the land; however, unlike in a lease, the
copyholder could transfer his interest in the copyhold, by inheritance or
sale, and the lord was obliged to accept the copyholder's nominee.12 |
|
14 |
Laxfield did never see me raise my due: |
14: as a property
owner, Serlsby notes, he has never raised |
I will enfeoff fair Margaret in
all, |
15: "give a
heritable interest (full ownership) to";29 enfeoff |
|
16 |
So she will take her to a lusty squire. |
16: "if she will
hand herself over to a healthy or vigorous |
18 |
Keep. Now, courteous gentles, if the Keeper's girl |
= gentlemen, of the
gentle class. |
Hath pleased the liking fancy of you both, |
||
20 |
And with her beauty hath subdued your
thoughts, |
= taken possession of. |
'Tis doubtful to decide the question. |
21: "it is unclear how to solve this
conundrum." |
|
22 |
It joys me that such men of great esteem |
= "gives me
joy". = worth. |
Should lay their liking on this base
estate, |
= regard or
preference.1
= ie. "us who are of such low rank |
|
24 |
And that her state should grow so fortunate |
24-25: these lines
don't really make sense, and have thus |
To be a wife to meaner men than you: |
been marked as corrupt (ie. printed
incorrectly), but the |
|
26 |
But sith such squires will stoop to
keeper's fee, |
= since. = deign to, or lower themselves, so as to
marry into |
I will, t' avoid displeasure of you both, |
= "displeasing
either of you". |
|
28 |
Call Margaret forth, and she shall make her
choice. |
|
30 |
Lamb. Content, Keeper; send her unto
us. |
= "very
well". |
32 |
[Exit Keeper.] |
|
34 |
Why, Serlsby, is thy wife so lately dead, |
34-36: "Serlsby,
with your wife having died so recently, |
Are all thy loves so lightly passèd over, |
is your love for her so easily forgotten
(passed over)1 |
|
36 |
As thou canst wed before the year be out? |
that you can think of marrying already
when she has |
38 |
Serl. I live not, Lambert, to content the dead, |
= please, satisfy. |
Nor was I wedded but for life to her: |
= ie. "for any
other period of time other than her lifetime" |
|
40 |
The grave ends and begins a married state. |
|
42 |
Enter Margaret. |
|
44 |
Lamb. Peggy, the lovely flower
of all towns, |
|
Suffolk's fair Helen, and rich
England's star, |
= ie. Helen of Troy,
the most beautiful woman in the world. |
|
46 |
Whose beauty, tempered with her huswifery, |
= mixed. = ability to keep house. |
Makes England talk of merry
Fressingfield! |
= ie. "all of
England". |
|
48 |
||
Serl. I cannot trick it up with poësies, |
= "dress up or
adorn (my speech)". = poetic
language. |
|
50 |
Nor paint my passions with comparisons; |
= "nor ornament
descriptions of my emotional state (ie. love) |
Nor tell a tale of Phoebus and his
loves. |
51: "nor tell
stories about the god Apollo (whose alternate name, in his guise as
the sun god, is Phoebus) and his paramours". The male gods,
especially Jupiter and Apollo, chased many a human maiden. Suitors of a
lady's hand often compared their love to those of gods. |
|
52 |
But this believe me, − Laxfield here is
mine, |
|
Of ancient rent seven-hundred
pounds a-year, |
= ie. long-standing.6 = seven
is always monosyllabic in |
|
54 |
And if thou canst but love a country squire, |
|
I will enfeoff thee, Margaret, in all. |
= grant possession to;
Serlsby repeats to Margaret his |
|
56 |
I cannot flatter; try me, if thou please. |
|
58 |
Marg. Brave neighbouring squires,
the stay of Suffolk's |
58: Brave
= excellent. |
A keeper's daughter is too base in gree |
= low in degree, ie.
social rank. |
|
60 |
To match with men accompted of
such worth. |
= marry. = accounted. |
But might I not displease, I would reply. |
61: "if only I
could avoid hurting the feelings of one of you, |
|
62 |
||
Lamb. Say, Peggy; naught
shall make us discontent. |
= ie. "give us
your answer". = "nothing
(you say)". |
|
64 |
||
Marg. Then, gentles, note that love hath little stay, |
= gentlemen. = love has little steadiness, ie. is
unstable or |
|
66 |
Nor can the flames that Venus sets on fire |
|
Be kindled but by fancy's motiön. |
67: kindled
= ignited, a metaphor with flames and fire; but |
|
68 |
Then pardon, gentles, if a maid's reply |
|
Be doubtful, while I have
debated with myself, |
= uncertain. = until.4 |
|
70 |
Who, or of whom, love shall constrain me
like. |
= the sense seems to
be "direct me to favour." |
72 |
Serl. Let it be me; and trust me, Margaret, |
|
The meads environed with the silver
streams, |
= meadows surrounded;
note that Serlsby tries very hard |
|
74 |
Whose battling pastures fatneth all my
flocks, |
= nourishing; this is
the second time Greene has used this |
Yielding forth fleeces stapled with
such wool |
75: an adjective
referring to the length and fineness of |
|
76 |
As Lemnster cannot yield more finer
stuff, |
= today's Leominster,
a town in far western England on the |
And forty kine with fair and burnished
heads, |
= cows. = glossy or gleaming horns. |
|
78 |
With strouting dugs that paggle
to the ground, |
= swollen udders.5 =
bulge, reach or hang; a paggle is |
Shall serve thy dairy, if thou wed with me. |
a flower more commonly known as the
oxlip, whose |
|
80 |
||
Lamb. Let pass the country wealth,
as flocks and kine, |
= the sense is
"forget about". |
|
82 |
And lands that wave with Ceres' golden sheaves, |
82: ie. "and
lands covered with waving crops of corn". |
Filling my barns with plenty of the
fields; |
= great quantity, a
noun. |
|
84 |
But, Peggy, if thou wed thyself to me, |
|
Thou shalt have garments of embroidered silk, |
||
86 |
Lawns, and rich net-works
for thy head-attire: |
= fine linen.1 =
interlaced fabrics.1 |
Costly shall be thy fair habiliments, |
= gorgeous clothing. |
|
88 |
If thou wilt be but Lambert's loving wife. |
|
90 |
Marg. Content you, gentles, you have proffered
fair, |
= "be
satisfied", ie. "that's enough". = offered. |
And more than fits a country maid's degree: |
= is appropriate
for. = rank or social status. The
repeated |
|
92 |
But give me leave to counsel me
a time, |
= permission. = ie. take this under advisement. |
For fancy blooms not at the first
assault; |
= love = a metaphor for the initial
instance of wooing.1 |
|
94 |
Give me but ten days' respite, and I
will reply, |
= extension, ie.
"time to think about it"; the line is another |
Which or to whom myself affectionates. |
= has affection for,
ie. loves; an unusual, but not uncommon, |
|
96 |
||
Serl. Lambert, I tell thee, thou'rt importunate; |
= irritatingly
persistent. |
|
98 |
Such beauty fits not such a base
esquire: |
= is not appropriate
for. = "lowly country gentleman
(such |
It is for Serlsby to have Margaret. |
as you)." |
|
100 |
||
Lamb. Think'st thou with wealth to overreach me? |
101: "do you
think you can prevail over (overreach) me |
|
102 |
Serlsby, I scorn to brook thy country
braves. |
= put up with. = peasant-like boasts or threats. |
I dare thee, coward, to maintain this wrong, |
103-4: Lambert
challenges Serlsby to a duel. |
|
104 |
At dint of rapier, single in the
field. |
dint of rapier =
force of arms or swords. A rapier is a |
106 |
Serl. I'll answer, Lambert, what I have avouched. − |
106: Serlsby seems to
be saying that he accepts Lambert's |
Margaret, farewell; another time shall serve. |
= ie. "serve the
purpose (for which I have come here)." |
|
108 |
||
[Exit.] |
||
110 |
||
Lamb. I'll follow. −
Peggy, farewell to thyself; |
||
112 |
Listen how well I'll answer for thy love. |
= "fight on your
behalf"; in Shakespeare's Troilus and |
Cressida, the Trojan warrior Hector has offered to
meet any Greek in single combat, each fighting on behalf of or to protect the
honour of his wife or mistress; old Nestor expresses his hope that someone
will volunteer, and in doing so "answer for his love". |
||
114 |
[Exit.] |
|
116 |
Marg. How fortune tempers lucky haps with frowns, |
116: "personified
Fortune moderates (tempers) a person's |
And wrongs me with the sweets of my delight! |
117: Fortune
ironically harms Margaret with exactly that |
|
118 |
Love is my bliss, and love is now my bale. |
= torment, woe.1 |
Shall I be Helen in my froward fates, |
119-121: dense lines
packed with allusion: Margaret |
|
120 |
As I am Helen in my matchless hue, |
compares herself to
Helen of Troy, whom she resembles in |
And set rich Suffolk with my face afire? |
possession of
unmatched beauty (matchless hue), but perhaps more unfavourably in
having an adverse destiny (froward fates), also like Helen; Helen, as
we have previously mentioned, proximately caused the Trojan War by eloping
with Paris, a prince of Troy; the ten-year-long struggle finally ended when
the Greeks, having surreptitiously entered Troy in the famous wooden horse,
destroyed the city by slaughtering its citizens and burning it to the ground. |
|
122 |
If lovely Lacy were but with his Peggy, |
|
The cloudy darkness of his bitter frown |
123: ie. "a stern
look from Lacy (to the rival country |
|
124 |
Would check the pride of these aspiring
squires. |
= put a stop to. |
Before the term of ten days be expired, |
||
126 |
Whenas
they look for answer of their loves, |
= when. = ie. a reply. |
My lord
will come to merry Fressingfield, |
= ie. Lacy. |
|
128 |
And end their fancies and their follies
both: |
= love. = foolishness. |
Till when, Peggy, be blithe and of good
cheer. |
= remain merry.2 |
|
130 |
||
Enter a Post
with a letter and a bag of gold. |
Entering Character: the Post is a special messenger or |
|
132 |
courier; ours is an employee of Lord
Lacy. |
|
Post. Fair lovely damsel, which way leads this path? |
||
134 |
How might I post me unto Fressingfield? |
= most quickly travel;
note the use of the grammatical |
Which footpath leadeth to the Keeper's lodge? |
construction known as the ethical
dative, in which the |
|
136 |
||
Marg. Your way is ready, and this path is right. |
= near-by.6 |
|
138 |
Myself do dwell hereby in Fressingfield; |
|
And if the Keeper be the man you seek, |
||
140 |
I am his daughter: may I know the cause? |
|
142 |
Post. Lovely, and once belovèd of my lord; |
142-4: these lines are
likely spoken as an aside. |
No marvel if his eye was lodged so low, |
= ie. fixed on this
earthly target. |
|
144 |
When brighter beauty is not in the
heavens. − |
= ie. exists. |
The Lincoln Earl hath sent you letters here, |
||
146 |
And, with them, just an
hundred pounds in gold. |
= exactly, precisely.4 |
148 |
[Gives letter and
bag.] |
|
150 |
Sweet, bonny wench, read them, and make
reply. |
= "give me an
answer to return with." |
152 |
Marg. The scrolls that Jove sent Danaë, |
152-3: Margaret's
mythology is slightly off: Jupiter |
Wrapt in rich closures of fine burnished
gold, |
visited Danae in the
form of a shower of gold, which impregnated her. See the note back at Scene
VIII.72-73 to review the whole story. |
|
154 |
Were not more welcome than these lines to me, |
|
Tell me, whilst that I do unrip the seals, |
= open.1 = a
letter might be sealed with wax to keep it shut. |
|
156 |
Lives Lacy well? How fares my lovely lord? |
|
158 |
Post. Well, if that wealth may
make men to live well. |
= ie. "yes, he
lives well". |
160 |
Marg. [Reads] The blooms of the almond-tree grow |
160-4: Lacy's letter
opens with some allusions to living |
in a night, and vanish in a morn; the flies hemera,
|
161-3: the
flies…dew = the letter refers to the may-fly, or |
|
162 |
fair Peggy, take life with the sun, and die
with the |
|
dew; fancy that slippeth in with a gaze, goeth
out |
163-4: fancy…wink
= love that begins with a look ends |
|
164 |
with a wink; and too timely loves have ever
the |
= "love that
comes on too early, ie. quickly, always has". |
shortest length. I write this as thy grief,
and my |
= ie. Lacy describes
himself as a cause of Margaret's |
|
166 |
folly, who at Fressingfeld loved that
which time hath |
= her. |
taught me to be but mean dainties: eyes
are |
167: but mean
dainties = nothing but vulgar delights. |
|
168 |
dissemblers, and fancy is but queasy;
therefore |
= love is tricky or
uncertain,1 ie. fickle; though Nimmo |
know, Margaret, I have chosen a Spanish lady
to be |
||
170 |
my wife, chief waiting-woman to the
Princess |
= head female
attendant, who would be the daughter of a |
Elinor; a lady fair, and no less fair
than thyself, |
= beautiful lady. |
|
172 |
honourable and wealthy. In that I forsake thee, I |
= of noble status or
high rank. |
leave thee to thine own liking; and for
thy dowry I |
173: to thine
own liking = Lacy means Margaret is free to |
|
174 |
have sent thee an
hundred pounds; and ever assure |
marry another man of her own
choice. |
thee of my favour, which shall avail thee and
thine |
||
176 |
much. |
|
Farewell. |
Lacy's Letter
(160-176): Lacy has written his
letter in the unusual style, made popular by the dramatist John Lyly, known
as euphuism. Euphuistic writing consists of (1) a continuous use of
short, pithy parallel phrases and sentences; (2) allusions to many fantastic
facts, some real and some fictional, taken from natural history and
mythology; and (3) the frequent use of alliteration. |
|
178 |
||
Not thine, nor his own, |
179: ie. "I
belong neither to you nor to myself (as I now |
|
180 |
Edward Lacy. |
belong to another)". |
182 |
Fond Atè, doomer of
bad-boding fates, |
182: "playful or
capricious (fond) Ate, who sentences |
That wrapp'st proud fortune in thy snaky
locks, |
183: generally,
"who controls the destinies of men"; |
|
184 |
Didst thou enchant my birth-day with such
stars |
184-5: our heroine
refers to the belief that the position of |
As lightened mischief from their
infancy? |
= flashed out, ie.
emitted, like lightning. = the birth
of the |
|
186 |
If heavens had vowed, if stars had made
decree, |
|
To show on me their froward influence, |
= shower. = adverse.
= an astrological term, describing an |
|
188 |
If Lacy had but loved, heavens, hell, and all, |
188-9: "if Lacy
had only truly loved me, then nothing above |
Could not have wronged the patience of my
mind. |
the earth (heavens) or below it (hell)
could have inflicted |
|
190 |
any misfortune on me which could upset
me." |
|
Post. It grieves me, damsel; but the earl is forced |
||
192 |
To love the lady by the king's command. |
|
194 |
Marg. The wealth combined
within the English shelves, |
= read as "not
the". = sandbanks, ie. shores. |
Europe's commander, nor the English king, |
= ie. "not the
Holy Roman Emperor". |
|
196 |
Should not have moved the love of Peggy from
her lord. |
196: "could
have caused Peggy (me) to alter my feelings |
of love towards Lacy;" the
negatives of the sentence |
||
198 |
Post. What answer shall I return to my lord? |
|
200 |
Marg. First, for thou cam'st from Lacy whom I loved, − |
= because. |
Ah, give me leave to sigh at very
thought! − |
= permission. = ie. the very thought (of Lacy). |
|
202 |
Take thou, my friend, the hundred pounds he
sent; |
|
For Margaret's resolution craves
no dower: |
203: Margaret's
resolution = ie. "the decision I have made |
|
204 |
The world shall be to her as vanity; |
204: from now on,
Margaret will view all earthly pleasures |
Wealth, trash; love, hate; pleasure, despair: |
205: ie. "wealth
is trash, love is hate, pleasure is despair." |
|
206 |
For I will straight to stately
Fremingham, |
= go immediately. |
And in the abbey
there be shorn a nun, |
= initiated into a
covent;1 shorn, the past tense of shear, as |
|
208 |
And yield my loves and liberty to God. |
|
Fellow, I give thee this, not for the news, |
||
210 |
For those be hateful unto Margaret, |
= ie. "the news
you brought me"; note how news again is |
But for thou'rt Lacy's man, once
Margaret's love. |
= ie. "because
you work for Lacy". |
|
212 |
||
Post. What I have heard, what passions I have seen, |
= expressions of
emotion. |
|
214 |
I'll make report of them unto the earl. |
|
216 |
Marg. Say that she joys his fancies be at rest, |
= is happy. = that Lacy has finally settled his love on
one |
And prays that his misfortune may be hers. |
217: Margaret ends the
scene with a subtly wicked line: |
|
218 |
she hopes that what happened to Lacy -
forsaking his |
|
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE XI. |
||
Friar Bacon's cell. |
||
Friar Bacon draws
the curtains |
= ie. opens. |
|
and is discovered
in his cell, lying on a bed, |
= revealed. |
|
with a white stick
in one hand, |
= magic wand. |
|
a book in the other,
and a lamp lighted beside him; |
||
and the Brazen Head,
|
||
and Miles with weapons
by him. |
The Brazen Head: the Brazen Head is exactly what it sounds like it
is, a statue of a large head, made of brass, which Bacon, through his magic,
has been researching and constructing for seven years; it is the culmination
of his career as a sorcerer, and his hope is that the Head will speak and
reveal to him the secrets of the universe; he also expects, we remember, with
the Head's assistance, to build a protective wall of brass around England. |
|
The idea of a magic talking Head first
appeared in English literature in a work entitled Gesta regum
(c.1120), known in English as the Chronicle of English Kings, written
by the early English historian William of Malmesbury; he tells the
story of one of Europe's greatest scholars, a man named Gebert, who
"cast, for his own purposes, the head of a statue...which spake not
unless spoken to, but then pronounced the truth, either in the affirmative or
negative. For instance, when Gebert would say, 'Shall I be pope?' the statue
would reply 'Yes.' 'Am I to die, ere I sing mass at Jerusalem?' 'No.'"30
Gebert went on to become Pope Silvester II (c.945-1003, pope from
999), the first Frenchman appointed to the pontificate. Legends of his
sorcery, including a pact with the devil, arose after his passing in
Jerusalem in 1003.12 |
||
Miles' Weapons: the nervous
Miles, being called by Bacon to keep watch alone on the Brazen Head, arms
himself with pistols and an ancient English pole-arm known as a brown bill. |
||
1 |
Bacon. Miles, where are you? |
Scene XI: Bacon and Bungay have been taking turns for |
2 |
two months watching
the Brazen Head, waiting for it to speak; exhausted, and unable to keep from
falling asleep, Bacon had, just before the scene opens, told his assistant
Miles he must watch the Head for a while so that he could catch up on some
shut-eye. Miles left the room in order to prepare himself for this duty, and
Bacon is wondering where he has disappeared to. |
|
Miles. Here, sir. |
||
4 |
||
Bacon. How chance you tarry so long? |
5: "why did you
take so long to come back?" |
|
6 |
||
Miles. Think you that the watching of the Brazen |
||
8 |
Head craves no furniture? I warrant
you, sir, I have |
= "demands or
requires no equipment or weapons?" ie. "do |
so armed myself that if all your
devils come, I will |
= as mentioned above,
Miles has come equipped with |
|
10 |
not fear them an inch. |
= ie. the tiniest bit. |
12 |
Bacon. Miles, |
|
Thou know’st that I have divèd into hell, |
||
14 |
And sought the darkest palaces of fiends; |
|
That with my magic spells great Belcephon |
||
16 |
Hath left his lodge and kneelèd
at my cell; |
= residence, dwelling,
ie. hell. = ie. in submission. |
The rafters of the earth rent from the poles, |
17: the heavens ripped
from their supporting beams, or |
|
18 |
And three-formed Luna hid her silver
looks, |
18-19: Bacon describes
the moon (personified as the |
Trembling upon her concave continent, |
goddess Luna)
hiding in fear within the sphere (concave continent) in which it is
embedded. |
|
20 |
When Bacon read upon his magic book. |
|
With seven years' tossing necromantic charms, |
21: Bacon has invested
seven years of work to reach the |
|
22 |
Poring upon
dark Hecat's principles, |
= studying.1 |
I have framed out a monstrous head of
brass, |
= constructed. |
|
24 |
That, by th' enchanting forces of the devil, |
|
Shall tell out strange and uncouth
aphorisms, |
= speak. = "(previously) unknown or strange (uncouth)2
|
|
26 |
And girt fair England with a wall of
brass. |
= surround. |
Bungay and I have watched these threescore
days, |
= kept watch for sixty
days; Bacon and Bungay have been |
|
28 |
And now our vital spirits crave some
rest. |
= Bacon metaphorically
refers to the refined life-sustaining |
If Argus lived, and had his hundred eyes, |
29-30: "even Argus,
the hundred-eyed giant (who had |
|
30 |
They could not over-watch
Phobetor's night. |
been assigned by Juno
to watch over Jupiter's beloved Io, who had been turned into a cow -
see the note at Scene VII.76), would not be able to remain awake to keep
watch this night (if he were as exhausted as Bacon is);" the analogy is
a powerful one: Argus could keep watch with 50 of his eyes while the other 50
slept. |
Now, Miles, in thee rests Friar Bacon's weal: |
= prosperity, success. |
|
32 |
The honour and renown of all his
life |
= fame,
reputation. = Bacon, as usual, speaks
of himself in |
Hangs in the watching of this Brazen Head; |
||
34 |
Therefore I charge thee by th' immortal God, |
= command. |
That holds the souls of men within His fist, |
= Ward sees an
allusion to Isaiah 40:12, though he should |
|
36 |
This night thou watch; for ere the
morning-star |
= stay awake and keep
watch. = before. = ie. Venus. |
Sends out his glorious glister on the
north, |
= brilliance,
gleaming. |
|
38 |
The head will speak: then, Miles, upon thy life, |
38: Bacon seems
certain that this is the night the Head will finally speak, so it is odd,
despite his exhaustion, that after a continuous vigil of two months'
duration, he cannot pull out one more night in order to witness the big
moment; should he not be able to use his sorcery in some way to help himself? |
Wake me; for then by magic art I'll work |
||
40 |
To end my seven years' task with excellence. |
|
If that a wink but shut thy watchful eye, |
41: "but if you
should fall asleep for even a second (so as to |
|
42 |
Then farewell Bacon's glory and his fame! |
|
Draw close the curtains, Miles: now, for
thy life, |
= on. |
|
44 |
Be watchful, and − |
|
46 |
[Falls asleep.] |
|
48 |
Miles. So; I thought you would
talk yourself asleep |
= ie. very well, a
word of acquiesance.4 |
anon; and 'tis no marvel,
for Bungay on the days, |
= quickly. = wonder.
= during. |
|
50 |
and he on the nights, have watched just these
ten and |
|
fifty days: now this is the night, and 'tis my
task, and |
||
52 |
no more. Now, Jesus bless me, what a goodly
Head |
|
it is! and a nose! you talk of nos autem
glorificare; |
= "forsooth to
glorify us," punning of course on nose. |
|
54 |
but here’s a nose that I warrant may be
called nos |
=
"guarantee". |
autem populare for the people of the parish. Well, I |
||
56 |
am furnished with weapons; now, sir, I will
set me |
56-58: I will
set…slumber = Miles settles himself into such a position that if he
should fall asleep, his head will crash onto a wooden beam and wake him;
Seltzer suggests Miles will use one of the beams that was used to hold up the
roof over the stage. |
down by a post, and make it as good as a
watchman |
||
58 |
to wake me, if I chance to slumber. I thought, |
|
Goodman
Head, I would call you out of your |
= a generic title of
respect, usually between equals.1 |
|
60 |
memento.
|
= daydream or
condition of being pleasantly lost in his |
62 |
[Miles drifts off;
his head hits the post, waking him.] |
62: the stage direction
is the editor's. |
64 |
Passion o' God, I have almost broke my pate! |
= head. |
66 |
[A great noise.] |
66: some loud
supernatural noise, emanating from either the |
68 |
Up, Miles, to your task; take your brown-bill
in your |
68: the bill
was the quintessential English pole-arm, used |
hand; here's some of your master's hobgoblins |
= dreaded spirits.1 |
|
70 |
abroad. |
= out and about. |
72 |
The Head.
Time is. |
|
74 |
Miles. Time is! Why, Master Brazen-head, have |
|
you such a capital nose, and answer you with |
||
76 |
syllables, “Time is”? Is this all my
master's cunning, |
= ie. "is this
all my master's skill and knowledge can do". |
to spend seven years' study about “Time is”?
Well, |
77: Miles is
humorously disappointed that after all the |
|
78 |
sir, it may be we
shall have some better orations of it |
= from. |
anon: well, I'll watch you
as narrowly as ever you |
= soon. |
|
80 |
were watched, and I'll play with you as the |
80-82: I'll
play…my breast = Miles combines two ideas |
nightingale with the slow-worm; I'll
set a prick |
in these lines: (1)
the nightingale has been imagined in |
|
82 |
against my breast. Now rest there, Miles. |
literature to rest
among thorns to protect itself from snakes (slow-worms); (2) Miles
once again tries to get comfortable while preparing a defense against falling
asleep: this time he sets a pin or dagger (prick) against his chest,
which should wake him should he sag against it while drifting away. |
84 |
[Miles falls asleep, but is wakened by the prick.] |
84: this stage
direction is added by the editor. |
86 |
Lord have mercy upon me, I have almost killed
myself! |
|
88 |
[A great noise.] |
|
90 |
Up, Miles; list how they rumble. |
= "listen
to". |
|
||
92 |
The Head.
Time was. |
|
94 |
Miles. Well, Friar Bacon, you have spent your |
|
seven years' study well, that can make your
head |
||
96 |
speak but two words at once, “Time was.” Yea, |
|
marry, time was when my master was a
wise man, |
= "there once was
a time". |
|
98 |
but that was before he began to make the
Brazen |
|
Head. You shall lie while your arse ache an your |
99-100: you
shall…better = "you can lie there till your |
|
100 |
Head speak no better. Well, I will watch,
and |
|
walk up and down, and be a peripatetian
and |
= one who walks
around; by strolling around the room, |
|
102 |
a philosopher of Aristotle's stamp. |
102: Peripatetic
was also the name for the student- |
followers of Aristotle,1 or
to his school of philosophy, |
||
104 |
[A great noise.] |
|
106 |
What, a fresh noise? Take thy pistols in hand,
Miles. |
|
108 |
The Head.
Time is past. |
|
110 |
[A
lightning flashes forth, and a hand appears |
110-1: an obvious
opportunity for a clever director to come |
that breaks down the
Head with a hammer.] |
up with some
entertaining and spectacular special effects; |
|
112 |
though I cannot help
imagining a Monty Pythonesque Terry Gilliam-style hand and hammer dropping
from the sky. |
|
Miles. Master, master, up! Hell's broken loose; your |
||
114 |
Head speaks; and there's such a thunder and |
|
lightning, that I warrant all Oxford is up in
arms. |
||
116 |
Out of your bed, and take a brown-bill in your
hand; |
|
the latter day is come. |
= Judgment Day.2 |
|
118 |
||
[Bacon rises and
comes forward.] |
= this stage direction
was added by Dyce. |
|
120 |
||
Bacon. Miles, I come. O, passing warily watched! |
= exceedingly
carefully; Bacon, unaware yet that the Head |
|
122 |
Bacon will make thee next himself in love. |
122: "from now on
I will love you more than anyone else." |
When spake the Head? |
= ancient variation of
spoke. |
|
124 |
||
Miles. When spake the Head! did not you say that |
||
126 |
he should tell strange principles of
philosophy? |
|
Why, sir, it speaks but two words at a time. |
||
128 |
||
Bacon. Why, villain, hath it spoken oft? |
= often, ie. more than
once. |
|
130 |
||
Miles. Oft! Ay, marry, hath it, thrice; but in all |
||
132 |
those three times it hath uttered but seven
words. |
|
134 |
Bacon. As how! |
|
136 |
Miles. Marry, sir, the first time he said “Time is”, as |
|
if Fabius Commentator should have
pronounced a |
= Miles, humorously
misspeaking, means Fabius Cunctator, or Delayer; when Hannibal,
the great Carthaginian leader, invaded Italy with his armies in the 210's
B.C., the Romans sent various aggressive generals to face him, but most were
defeated, and often annihilated, by the superior African; Fabius, however,
famously dealt with Hannibal by harassing him and delaying him, but refusing
to meet him in open battle, his theory being that the Carthaginian army would
lose steam, run out of supplies, and dissolve or return on its own free will,
if just given time. For this very un-Roman - but ultimately successful -
approach, Fabius was mocked by being given his nickname of Cunctator.33 |
|
138 |
sentence; [the second time] he said
“Time was”; and |
= these words were
appropriately added by Dyce. |
the third time, with thunder and lightning, as
in great |
= ie. "as if he
were". |
|
140 |
choler,
he said, “Time is past.” |
= rage. |
142 |
Bacon. 'Tis past indeed. Ah, villain! time is past: |
|
My life, my fame, my glory, all are past.
− |
143: ie. "it's all
over for me!" |
|
144 |
Bacon, |
|
The turrets of thy hope are ruined
down, |
145: Bacon compares
the crashing down of his hopes and |
|
146 |
Thy seven years' study lieth in the dust: |
|
Thy Brazen Head lies broken through a
slave, |
= ie. because of. |
|
148 |
That watched,
and would not when the Head did will. − |
= who. = elliptically, "did not wake me when
the Head |
What said the Head first? |
spoke." |
|
150 |
||
Miles. Even, sir, “Time is.” |
||
152 |
||
Bacon. Villain, if thou hadst called to Bacon then, |
||
154 |
If thou hadst watched, and waked the sleepy
friar, |
|
The Brazen Head had uttered aphorisms, |
= here and in the next
line, had means "would have". |
|
156 |
And England had been circled round with brass. |
|
But proud Astmeroth, ruler of the
north, |
157-162: Bacon
recognizes that the space in time during which the Head repeatedly spoke,
which he was unable to take advantage of because he was sleeping, has
provided an opportunity for hell's demons, who begrudge the magical powers
that Bacon, a mere mortal, is able to perform, and the control he has over
them, to destroy the Head. |
|
158 |
And Demogorgon, master of the fates, |
= one of the most
powerful of evil spirits. |
Grudge
that a mortal man should work so much. |
= begrudge,
resent. = be able to do so much, ie.
have such |
|
160 |
Hell trembled at my deep-commanding spells, |
|
Fiends frowned to see a man their over-match; |
= superior.2 |
|
162 |
Bacon might boast more than a man might boast! |
|
But now the braves of Bacon have an
end, |
= boasts. |
|
164 |
Europe's conceit of Bacon hath an end, |
164: ie. Europe will
cease to have a favourable opinion |
His seven years' practice sorteth to ill
end: − |
= has fallen out to a
bad ending. |
|
166 |
And, villain, sith my glory hath an
end, |
= since; Bacon returns
to addressing Miles directly. |
I will appoint thee to some fatal
end. |
= arrange for,
assign. = a doomed destiny. |
|
168 |
Villain, avoid! Get thee from Bacon's
sight! |
= "get out of
here!" Bacon borrows the language of |
Vagrant, go roam and range about the
world, |
= wander, synonym for roam. |
|
170 |
And perish as a vagabond on earth! |
|
172 |
Miles. Why, then, sir, you forbid me your service? |
= "from
continuing in your". |
174 |
Bacon. My service, villain! with a fatal curse, |
|
That direful plagues and mischief fall
on thee. |
= terrible.1 |
|
176 |
||
Miles. 'Tis no matter, I am against you with the old |
= ahead of.1 |
|
178 |
proverb, − the more the fox is cursed,
the better he |
178-9: the
more…fares = indeed an old and commonly |
fares. God be with you, sir: I'll take but a
book in my |
referred-to proverb; a couple of the
editors think Miles |
|
180 |
hand, a wide-sleeved gown on my back, and a |
|
crowned cap
on my head, and see if I can want |
181: crowned cap
= college cap, more properly called a |
|
182 |
promotion. |
corner cap, a cap with three or four corners, worn by |
members of a
university;1,7 Miles is describing his scholar's outfit. |
||
184 |
Bacon. Some fiend or ghost haunt on thy weary steps, |
|
Until they do transport thee quick to
hell: |
= alive; Bacon's curse
is prescient, as we shall see. |
|
186 |
For Bacon shall have never merry day, |
|
To lose the fame and honour of his Head. |
||
188 |
||
[Exeunt.] |
||
SCENE XII. |
||
At Court. |
||
Enter the Emperor, the
King of Castile, King Henry, Elinor, Prince Edward, Lacy, and Ralph Simnell. |
||
1 |
Emp. Now, lovely prince, the prime of Albion's wealth, |
= most attractive
example or epitome.1 It should be noted, though, that the quartos
all have prince here instead, and prime is the accepted
emendation of the early editors. |
2 |
How fare the Lady Elinor and you? |
|
What, have you courted and found Castile fit |
= qualified.1 |
|
4 |
To answer England in equivalence? |
= Ward suggests "to be a match for England". |
Will't be a match 'twixt bonny Nell
and thee? |
= marriage. = while a certain amount of license is
certainly permitted with respect to the Englishisms a dramatist may put into
the mouth of a foreigner, it seems to stretch credulity a bit too obviously
to have the Holy Roman Emperor refer to the Castilian princess Elinor as bonny
Nell. |
|
6 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Should Paris enter in
the courts of Greece, |
7-12: Edward uses a
pair of analogies to emphasize the |
|
8 |
And not lie fettered in fair Helen's looks? |
degree to which he
finds Elinor irresistible. |
Or Phœbus scape those piercing amorets |
9-10: "or Apollo
(aka Phoebus) escape the intensely |
|
10 |
That Daphne glancèd at his deity? |
affecting
love-inducing looks (amorets) the beautiful nymph Daphne gave to the
god?" |
Can Edward, then, sit by a flame and freeze, |
||
12 |
Whose heat puts Helen and fair Daphne down? |
12: Elinor's heat,
metaphorically representing her beauty |
Now, monarchs, ask the lady if we gree. |
= are in agreement. |
|
14 |
||
K. Hen.
What, madam, hath my
son found grace or no? |
= "favour (with
you)". |
|
16 |
||
Elin. Seeing, my lord, his lovely counterfeit, |
= ie. "having
previously seen". = portrait. |
|
18 |
And hearing how his mind and shape agreed, |
18: "and having
now heard him, and observing that his |
I came not, trooped with all this
warlike train, |
= "travelling in
the company of this great procession", |
|
20 |
Doubting
of love, but so affectionate, |
= uncertain. = ie. "but rather I came to England
already". |
As Edward hath in England what he won in
Spain. |
21: ie. "that
Edward already can physically possess that |
|
22 |
||
K. of Cast.
A match, my
lord; these wantons needs |
23: "it's a
marriage (match), my lord; these kids are |
|
24 |
Men must have wives, and women will be wed: |
|
Let's haste the day to honour up
the rites. |
= hurry, ie. push
forward. = honour to the utmost.4
|
|
26 |
The decisively unfeminine and giddy
aggressiveness of Elinor, as well as the unseemly enthusiasm of Castile's
king, is almost embarrassing. |
|
Ralph. Sirrah Harry, shall Ned
marry Nell? |
||
28 |
||
K. Hen.
Ay, Ralph: how then? |
= ie. "what
then?" |
|
30 |
||
Ralph. Marry, Harry, follow my counsel:
send for |
= the first and only
use in the play of this silly, and perhaps |
|
32 |
Friar Bacon to marry them, for he'll so
conjure him |
32-34: he'll so
conjure…they live = ie. Ralph suggests |
and her with his necromancy, that they shall
love |
that magic will be needed in order for
Edward and Elinor |
|
34 |
together like pig and lamb whilst they live. |
to be able to live and love together in
harmony.6 |
36 |
K. of Cast.
But hearest thou,
Ralph, art thou content |
= satisfied. |
to have Elinor to thy lady? |
= "to be thy
mistress?" |
|
38 |
||
Ralph. Ay, so she will promise me two things. |
= provided that. |
|
40 |
||
K. of Cast.
What's that, Ralph? |
||
42 |
||
Ralph. That she will never scold with Ned, nor |
= ie. scold. |
|
44 |
fight with
me. − Sirrah Harry, I have put her down |
= ie. beat. = subdued Elinor; to put someone down
carries |
with a thing unpossible. |
45: ie. "by
giving her an impossible task." |
|
46 |
||
K. Hen.
What's that, Ralph? |
||
48 |
||
Ralph. Why, Harry, didst thou ever see that a |
||
50 |
woman could both hold her tongue and
her hands? |
= restrain both. |
no: but when egg-pies grow on apple-trees,
then will |
= ie. which is never. |
|
52 |
thy grey mare prove
a bag-piper. |
52: "your wife
will be able to play the bag-pipes" - also an |
54 |
Emp. What says the Lord of Castile and the Earl of |
54-55: while Ralph has
been explaining his most recent gag, |
Lincoln, that they are in such earnest and secret
talk? |
the King of Castile (who apparently was
not all that |
|
56 |
interested after all to hear what Ralph
had to say, despite |
|
K. of Cast.
I stand, my lord,
amazèd at his talk, |
||
58 |
How he discourseth of the constancy |
= speaks at length on
the topic. = faithfulness. |
Of one surnamed, for beauty's excellence, |
= ie. "for the
excellence of her beauty". |
|
60 |
The Fair Maid of merry Fressingfield. |
= here Fair is
disyllabic: FAI-er. |
62 |
K. Hen.
'Tis true, my lord,
'tis wondrous for to hear; |
|
Her beauty passing Mars's paramour, |
= surpassing. = "that of Venus", who, though
married to |
|
64 |
Her virgin's right as rich as Vesta's was. |
64: previous editors
have acknowledged the difficulty in assigning any clear meaning to this line;
Ward, noting that rich was a favourite adjective of Greene's, which he
used as a general term of praise, suggests, "Elinor's right to the name
of Virgin is as strong as that belonging to Vesta (or to her priestesses)." |
Lacy and Ned hath told me miracles. |
= ie. regarding the
incredible beauty of Margaret. |
|
66 |
||
K. of Cast. What says Lord Lacy? Shall she be his wife? |
67: surprisingly, the
King of Castile seems completely |
|
68 |
unconcerned with the
fact that Lacy was supposed to marry one of his subjects, the Spanish
noblewoman. |
|
Lacy. Or else Lord Lacy is unfit to live. − |
||
70 |
May it please your highness give
me leave to post |
|
To Fressingfield; I'll fetch the bonny girl, |
||
72 |
And prove, in true appearance at the court, |
|
What I have vouchèd often with my
tongue. |
= assured or declared
to be true. |
|
74 |
||
K. Hen.
Lacy, go to the 'querry
of my stable, |
= ie. equerry, the
officer in charge of the king's horses. |
|
76 |
And take such coursers as shall fit
thy turn: |
= fast horses. = "serve your purpose." |
Hie thee
to Fressingfield, and bring home the lass; |
= "hurry
yourself". |
|
78 |
And, for her fame flies through
the English coast, |
= because. = reputation. |
If it may please the lady Elinor, |
79-80: "if it is
alright by you, Elinor, let's have Lacy marry |
|
80 |
One day shall match your excellence and
her. |
Margaret the same time you marry
Edward." |
82 |
Elin. We Castile ladies are not very coy; |
= disdainful. |
Your highness may command a greater boon: |
83: the sense is,
"your highness could certainly have asked |
|
84 |
And glad were I to grace the Lincoln Earl |
|
With being partner of his marriage-day. |
85: ie. "by being
married at the same time as he." |
|
86 |
||
Pr. Edw.
Gramercy, Nell, for I do love the lord, |
= thanks. = ie. Lacy. |
|
88 |
As he that's second to thyself in love. |
87-88: I do
love…in love = "I love Lacy much, second only |
to yourself", or "I love Lacy
much, because he is in love |
||
90 |
Ralph. You love her? − Madam Nell, never believe |
|
him you, though he swears he loves you. |
||
92 |
||
Elin. Why, Ralph? |
||
94 |
||
Ralph. Why, his love is like unto a tapper's glass |
= ie. like. = tavern-keeper's mirror, ie. it is fragile
or fickle; |
|
96 |
that is broken with every touch; for he loved
the fair |
|
maid of Fressingfield once out of all ho.
− Nay, Ned, |
= beyond moderation,
out of all bounds;7 even with all |
|
98 |
never wink upon me; I care not, I. |
= the sense is,
"don't bother glaring at me". |
100 |
K. Hen.
Ralph tells all; you
shall have a good |
100-1: whatever wrath
Edward may feel at the embarras- |
secretary
of him. − |
= person to be
entrusted with secrets.4 |
|
102 |
But, Lacy, haste thee post to
Fressingfield; |
= ie. hurry yourself
quickly. |
For ere thou hast fitted all things for her
state, |
103: "because
before you have a chance to prepare |
|
104 |
The solemn marriage-day will be at hand. |
everything for Margaret's promotion to
the condition |
of your wife and countess". |
||
106 |
Lacy. I go, my lord. |
|
108 |
[Exit.] |
|
110 |
Emp. How shall we pass this day, my lord? |
|
112 |
K. Hen.
To horse, my lord; the
day is passing fair, |
= exceedingly. |
We'll fly the partridge, or go
rouse the deer. |
= the OED suggests
"attack (ie. hunt) partridges with |
|
114 |
Follow, my lords; you shall not want
for sport. |
= lack. |
116 |
[Exeunt.] |
|
SCENE XIII. |
||
Friar Bacon's Cell. |
||
Enter, to Friar Bacon
in his cell, Friar Bungay. |
||
1 |
Bung. What means the friar that frolicked it of late, |
= friar here is
one-syllable; note the alliteration with |
2 |
To sit as melancholy in his cell |
|
As if he had neither lost nor won to-day? |
3: Seltzer suggests
this is a description of confusion of |
|
4 |
||
Bacon. Ah, Bungay, my Brazen Head is spoiled, |
5: this, and line 48
below, are short lines. |
|
6 |
My glory gone, my seven years' study lost! |
|
The fame of Bacon, bruited through the
world, |
= proclaimed. |
|
8 |
Shall end and perish with this deep disgrace. |
|
10 |
Bung. Bacon hath built foundation of his fame |
10-13: Bungay points
out that this one failure cannot |
So surely on the wings of true report, |
destroy Bacon's good name, given the
successes and |
|
12 |
With acting strange and uncouth
miracles, |
fame he has established over many years
throughout |
As this cannot infringe what he deserves. |
the world thanks to his genuine and
repeatedly |
|
14 |
||
Bacon. Bungay, sit down, for by prospective skill |
= "by my ability
to see into the future".1 |
|
16 |
I find this day shall fall out ominous: |
|
Some deadly act shall 'tide me ere I
sleep; |
= betide, ie. befall,
happen to. |
|
18 |
But what and wherein little can I guess. |
|
20 |
Bung. My mind is heavy, whatsoe'er shall hap. |
= distressed,
troubled.1
= happen. |
22 |
Enter two Scholars,
sons to Lambert and Serlsby. |
Entering Characters: the 1st Scholar is Lambert, Jr.,
and |
Knock. |
22-23: the boys enter
the stage and knock against something |
|
24 |
- a pole perhaps - to suggest knocking
on an exterior |
|
Bacon. Who's that knocks? |
||
26 |
||
Bung. Two scholars that desire to speak with you. |
||
28 |
||
Bacon. Bid them come in. |
||
30 |
Now, my youths, what would you have? |
|
32 |
1st Sch. Sir, we are
Suffolk-men and neighbouring friends; |
|
Our fathers in their countries lusty squires; |
||
34 |
Their lands adjoin: in Crackfield mine
doth dwell, |
= Cratfield is
a village in Suffolk shire, about 9 miles |
And his in Laxfield. We are college-mates, |
= possibly meaning
roommates.4 |
|
36 |
Sworn brothers, as our fathers live as
friends. |
|
38 |
Bacon. To what end is all this? |
38: "so what is
the purpose of your telling me so?" |
40 |
2nd Sch.
Hearing your worship
kept within your cell |
|
A glass prospective, wherein men might see |
||
42 |
Whatso their thoughts or hearts' desire could
wish, |
|
We come to know how that our fathers fare. |
= "our fathers
are doing." |
|
44 |
||
Bacon. My glass is free for every honest man. |
||
46 |
Sit down, and you shall see ere long, |
= before. |
How or in what state your friendly fathers
live. |
||
48 |
Meanwhile, tell me your names. |
|
50 |
1st Sch.
Mine Lambert. |
|
52 |
2nd Sch.
And mine, Serlsby. |
|
54 |
Bacon. Bungay, I smell there will be a tragedy. |
|
56 |
Enter Lambert and
Serlsby |
Entering Characters: the scholars' fathers of course are |
with rapiers and daggers. |
meeting miles away
from Oxford; their sons are seeing their images in the mirror. |
|
58 |
||
Lamb. Serlsby, thou hast kept thine hour like a man: |
59-61: Lambert
compliments Serlsby for proving his manhood by actually showing up for the
duel. |
|
60 |
Thou'rt worthy of the title of a squire, |
|
That durst, for proof of thy affectiön |
61-62: "who
dares, to demonstrate (prove) your love and |
|
62 |
And for thy mistress' favour, prize thy
blood. |
desire for Margaret's favour, to risk
your life (prize thy |
Thou know'st what words did pass at
Fressingfield, |
= ie. "pass
between us". |
|
64 |
Such shameless braves as manhood
cannot brook. |
= threats or
boasts. = ie. "which no real man
could tolerate |
Ay, for I scorn to bear such piercing
taunts, |
= acute, sharply distressing.1 |
|
66 |
Prepare thee, Serlsby; one of us will
die. |
= yourself. |
68 |
Serl. Thou see'st I single
[meet] thee [in] the field, |
= ie. "have
appeared to meet you in the field of battle for a one-on-one fight"; the
bracketed words are Dyce's emendations. |
And what I spake, I'll maintain
with my sword. |
= said. = back up. |
|
70 |
Stand on thy guard, I cannot scold it out. |
= basically,
"argue about it forever."1 Serlsby implicitly, as |
An if thou kill me, think
I have a son, |
= if. = remember. |
|
72 |
That lives in Oxford in the Broadgates-hall, |
= a college for law
students at Oxford, founded in the 12th |
Who will revenge his father's blood with blood. |
century; Broadgates has since been
absorbed into |
|
74 |
Pembroke College.9 |
|
Lamb. And, Serlsby, I have there a lusty boy, |
||
76 |
That dares at weapon buckle with thy
son, |
= "with weapons
to fight". |
And lives in Broadgates too, as well as thine. |
||
78 |
But draw thy rapier, for we'll have a bout. |
= round of fighting. |
80 |
Bacon. Now, lusty younkers, look within the glass, |
= youngsters. = into the magic mirror. |
And tell me if you can discern your sires. |
81: Bacon likely sits
or stands to the side; given his own |
|
82 |
||
1st Sch.
Serlsby, 'tis hard;
thy father offers wrong, |
= ie. acts or is in
the wrong. |
|
84 |
To combat with my father in the field. |
|
86 |
2nd Sch.
Lambert, thou liest,
my father's is th' abuse, |
= ie. abused or
wronged party.4 |
And thou shall find it, if my father harm. |
87: ie. "as you
will find out, if my father is harmed." |
|
88 |
||
Bung. How goes it, sirs? |
= according to the
OED, this is the first appearance of this |
|
90 |
||
1st Sch. Our fathers are in combat hard by Fressingfield. |
= near to. |
|
92 |
||
Bacon. Sit still, my friends, and see the event. |
= outcome. |
|
94 |
||
Lamb. Why stand'st thou, Serlsby? doubt'st thou of thy |
95: "why are you
just standing there, Serlsby? Do you |
|
96 |
A veney, man!
fair Margaret craves so much. |
= the sense is,
"let's to it, man!"; a veney is a term from |
98 |
Serl. Then this for her. |
98: at this point, the
fathers finally stop yakking and begin |
100 |
1st Sch.
Ah, well thrust! |
100: young Lambert
compliments his father's lunge. |
102 |
2nd Sch.
But mark the ward. |
102: "but notice
how well my father parried your father's |
attack." |
||
104 |
[They fight and
kill each other.] |
|
106 |
Lamb. O, I am slain! |
|
108 |
[Dies.] |
108: Dyce adds this
direction, as well as the one in 114. |
110 |
Serl. And I, − Lord have mercy on me! |
|
112 |
[Dies.] |
|
114 |
1st Sch.
My father slain!
− Serlsby, ward that. |
= defend. |
116 |
2nd Sch. And so is mine! − Lambert, I'll quite thee
well. |
= repay. |
118 |
[The two Scholars
stab each other, and die.] |
|
120 |
Bung. O strange stratagem! |
= violent act.1 |
122 |
Bacon. See, friar, where the fathers both lie dead! − |
= Dyce logically
wonders if this should say scholars instead. |
Bacon, thy magic doth effect this
massacre: |
= has caused. |
|
124 |
This glass prospective worketh many
woes; |
= perpetrates. |
And therefore seeing
these brave lusty brutes, |
= gallants or brave
fellows.1 |
|
126 |
These friendly youths, did perish by thine art, |
= ie. "these
youths who were friends". |
End all thy magic and thine art at once. |
||
128 |
The poniard that did end the[ir] fatal
lives, |
= dagger. = doomed. |
Shall break the cause efficiat of their
woes. |
= the efficient
cause, a term from philosophy, meaning "the |
|
130 |
So fade the glass, and end with it the shows |
= vanishes.1 =
moving images. |
That necromancy did infuse the crystal with. |
||
132 |
||
[He breaks the
glass.] |
133: Bacon has picked
up one of the boys' daggers and uses |
|
134 |
it to smash the mirror. |
|
Bung. What means
learned Bacon thus to break his glass? |
||
136 |
||
Bacon. I tell thee, Bungay, it repents me sore |
= "I strongly (sore)
regret or feel contrition".1 |
|
138 |
That ever Bacon meddled in this art. |
|
The hours I have spent in pyromantic spells, |
= ie. the magic of
pyromancy, ie. fire; if hours is disyllabic, |
|
140 |
The fearful tossing in the latent
night |
= leafing through.1 =
concealing.1 |
Of papers full of necromantic charms, |
||
142 |
Conjuring and abjuring devils and
fiends, |
= banishing. |
With stole and alb and strange pentaganon; |
143: stole and
alb = Bacon describes the clerical vestments he wore while engaging
in sorcery. A stole is a long strip of linen or silk, worn around the
shoulders, and hanging down below the chest; an alb is a long white
robe or surplice, also worn by clergy.1 Ward notes that demons
cannot abide these articles of sacred clothing, which would thus be worn by
sorcerers in order to protect themselves from harm. |
|
144 |
The wresting of the holy name of God, |
= perverting.2 |
As Sother, Eloïm, and Adonai, |
145-6: with one
possible exception, Bacon lists some of |
|
146 |
Alpha, Manoth, and Tetragrammaton, |
the oft referred to "100 names of
God"; Tetragammaton |
With praying to the five-fold powers of
Heaven, |
147: this reference is
unclear; Ward wonders whether Greene should have said three-fold or four-fold
(referring to the three - though sometimes containing four - hierarchies of
angels: see Scene IX.187); or he could be referring to the five points on the
pentagram, on which names of God could be written. |
|
148 |
Are instances that Bacon must be damned |
= reasons.2 |
For using devils to countervail his
God. − |
= match up with,
balance against. |
|
150 |
Yet, Bacon, cheer thee, drown not in despair: |
|
Sins have their salves, repentance can
do much: |
= healing balms. |
|
152 |
Think Mercy sits where
Justice holds her seat, |
= remember. |
And from those wounds those bloody Jews did
pierce, |
153: a reference to
the wounds of Jesus, whose death has |
|
154 |
Which by thy magic oft did bleed afresh, |
154: Bacon
acknowledges he has metaphorically caused |
From thence
for thee the dew of mercy drops, |
= from there. |
|
156 |
To wash the wrath of high Jehovah's
ire, |
= cleanse, ie. purify (from
sin). = God's. |
And make thee as a new-born babe from
sin. − |
= like. = ie. free from. |
|
158 |
Bungay, I'll spend the remnant of my life |
|
In pure devotion, praying to my God |
||
160 |
That He would save what Bacon vainly lost. |
= ie. his soul; vainly
= foolishly. |
162 |
[Exeunt.] |
|
164 |
||
SCENE XIV. |
||
Fressingfield. |
||
Enter Margaret in
Nun’s apparel, the Keeper, |
Scene XIV: Margaret is prepared to enter the convent and |
|
and their Friend. |
take her vows. |
|
1 |
Keep. Margaret, be not so headstrong in these vows: |
|
2 |
O, bury not such beauty in a cell, |
|
That England hath held famous for the hue! |
= its beauty.4 |
|
4 |
Thy father's hair, like to the silver
blooms |
= like. |
That beautify the shrubs of Africa, |
||
6 |
Shall fall before the dated time
of death, |
= fall out
(prematurely). = ie. "my
appointed". |
Thus to forgo his lovely Margaret. |
= lose.2 |
|
8 |
||
Marg. Ah, father, when the harmony of Heaven |
= perhaps a reference
to the philosophical idea of the Harmony (or Music) of the Spheres, an
abstract mathematical conception of the heavenly spheres as existing,
relative to each other, in the same whole number proportions as into which
the musical scale can be divided, which results in the universe producing
inaudible musical harmony. |
|
10 |
Soundeth the measures of a lively
faith, |
10: "emits the
graceful music (measures)2 of a living or life- |
The vain illusions of this flattering
world |
11: ie. "the
trivial or worthless (vain) and deceptive |
|
12 |
Seem odious to the thoughts of Margaret. |
|
I lovèd once, − Lord Lacy was my love; |
13: note the intense
alliteration in this line. |
|
14 |
And now I hate myself for that I loved, |
= having loved. |
And doted more on him than on my God, − |
||
16 |
For this I scourge myself with sharp repents. |
16: Margaret compares
her self-remonstrations to the self- |
But now the touch of such aspiring
sins |
= harm or taint. = ambitious or longing.1 |
|
18 |
Tells me all love is lust but love of heavens; |
18: except for the
love of God, all love is nothing better than |
That beauty used for love is vanity. |
19: beauty used in the
cause of earthly love is foolish or |
|
20 |
The world contains naught but alluring
baits, |
= nothing. = attractive temptations. |
Pride, flattery, and inconstant
thoughts. |
= fickle.1 |
|
22 |
To shun the pricks of death, I
leave the world, |
= avoid.1 =
stings. = in the sense of its worldly
consider- |
And vow to meditate on heavenly bliss, |
||
24 |
To live in Framingham a holy nun, |
24: Sugden notes there
was no abbey in Framlingham. |
Holy and pure in conscience and in deed; |
||
26 |
And for to wish all maids to learn of
me |
= ie. "I
desire". = from. |
To seek Heaven's joy before earth's vanity. |
26-27: Margaret's
sermon ends with a rhyming couplet, |
|
28 |
||
Friend.
And will you, then,
Margaret, be shorn a nun, |
= initiated into an
abbey. |
|
30 |
and so leave us all? |
|
32 |
Marg. Now farewell world, the engine of all woe! |
= means, ie. cause. |
Farewell to friends and father! Welcome
Christ! |
||
34 |
Adieu to dainty robes! This base
attire |
= exquisite
clothing. = mean or simple outfit or
habit; a |
Better befits an
humble mind to God |
= ie. "a mind
that is humble before, or has submitted to, |
|
36 |
Than all the show of rich habiliments. |
= clothing; this is
the second appearance of this unusual |
Farewell, O love! and, with fond love,
farewell |
= foolish. |
|
38 |
Sweet Lacy, whom I lovèd once so dear! |
|
Ever be well, but never
in my thoughts, |
= always,
forever. = ie. "never (again)
be". |
|
40 |
Lest I offend to think on Lacy's love: |
= ie. offend God, by
meditating on her love for something |
But even to that, as to the rest, farewell! |
other than Himself. |
|
42 |
||
Enter Lacy, Warren and
Ermsby, |
||
44 |
booted and spurred. |
44: wearing riding boots
and spurs, to signal the nobles' hurry to find Margaret; they have not even
taken a moment to remove their spurs after having alighted from their horses. |
46 |
Lacy. Come on, my wags, we're near the Keeper's lodge. |
= lads. |
Here have I oft walked in the watery meads, |
= meadows. |
|
48 |
And chatted with my lovely Margaret. |
|
50 |
War. Sirrah Ned, is not this the
Keeper? |
= Warren familiarly
addresses his friend Lacy; he may be |
playfully recalling Ralph's usual term
of address for the |
||
52 |
Lacy. 'Tis the same. |
|
54 |
Erms. The old lecher hath
gotten holy mutton to |
54-55: Ermsby mistakes
what he sees: he thinks the Keeper |
him: a nun, my lord. |
has taken a nun as a
paramour (mutton is slang for prostitute). Such a seemingly
blasphemous, or at least strongly disrespectful, sentiment regarding one of
God's disciples was really a barb at the Catholic Church of Greene's own era;
such attacks were encouraged by a decidedly Protestant Elizabethan regime. |
|
56 |
||
Lacy. Keeper, how far'st thou? holla, man, what cheer? |
= hello |
|
58 |
How doth Peggy, thy daughter and my
love? |
= ie. "is Peggy
doing". |
60 |
Keep. Ah, good my lord! O, woe is me for Peggy! |
= very common and
stylized form of address to a noble. |
See where she stands clad in her nun's attire, |
||
62 |
Ready for to be shorn in Framingham. |
= to be initiated
(into a religious life). |
She leaves the world because she left your
love. |
||
64 |
O, good my lord, persuade her if you
can! |
= ie. dissuade. |
66 |
Lacy. Why, how now, Margaret! What, a malcontent? |
= ie. one who is
disaffected with the world and its conven- |
A nun! What holy father taught you this, |
tional lifestyle. |
|
68 |
To task yourself to such a tedious life |
|
As die a maid! 'Twere injury to
me, |
= ie. unmarried
woman. = "it would be an". |
|
70 |
To smother up such beauty in a cell. |
66-70: Lacy's flippant
attitude is not really fair to Margaret |
72 |
Marg. Lord Lacy, thinking of my former miss, |
72: "Lord Lacy, I
am thinking about my previous wrongdoing or sin (miss)".1 |
How fond the prime of wanton years were
spent |
73: "how
foolishly the best of my light-hearted (wanton) |
|
74 |
In love (O, fie upon that fond
conceit, |
= an exclamation
expressing disgust. = foolish notion, |
Whose hap and essence hangeth in
the eye!) |
75: whose occurrence (hap)
and foundation (essence) are |
|
76 |
I leave both love and love's content at
once, |
= ie. the pleasure one
derives from being in or experiencing |
Betaking me
to Him that is true love, |
= "committing
myself".2 |
|
78 |
And leaving all the world for love of Him. |
|
80 |
Lacy. Whence, Peggy, comes this
metamorphosis? |
= from where. |
What, shorn a nun, and I have from the court |
||
82 |
Posted with coursers to convey thee hence |
82: "hurried here
on fast horses to take you from here". |
To Windsor, where our marriage shall be kept! |
||
84 |
Thy wedding-robes are in the tailor's hands. |
|
Come, Peggy, leave these péremptory vows. |
= ie. "vows which
you resolved upon." |
|
86 |
||
Marg. Did not my lord resign his interest, |
= ie. "forego his
claim (to me)"; Margaret uses a legal |
|
88 |
And make divorce 'twixt Margaret
and him? |
88: divorce
= separation, though seeing that and Lacy had |
90 |
Lacy. 'Twas but to try sweet Peggy's constancy. |
= test. = "faithfulness (to me);" Lacy's
casual attitude to |
But will fair Margaret leave her love and
lord? |
the events that have
transpired is distressing; can he really expect Margaret to instantly reverse
herself after he had so unceremoniously dumped her, especially after he
offers such a lame excuse for having done so? |
|
92 |
||
Marg. Is not Heaven's joy before earth's fading bliss, |
= ie. superior to,
more important than. = corrupting.2 |
|
94 |
And life above sweeter than life in
love? |
= ie. with God. |
96 |
Lacy. Why, then, Margaret, will be shorn a nun? |
96: compare Lacy's
question here to the similarly-worded |
one asked of Margaret by the Friend at
lines 29-30 above. |
||
98 |
Marg. Margaret |
|
Hath made a vow which may not be revoked. |
||
100 |
||
War. We cannot stay, my lord; an if she be so strict, |
= if. = unrelenting.2 |
|
102 |
Our leisure grants us not to woo afresh. |
102: the nobles don't
have time for Lacy to start courting Margaret all over again - they have to
hurry back to London for the prince's wedding to Elinor. |
104 |
Erms. Choose you,
fair damsel, yet the choice is yours: − |
= "decide". |
Either a solemn nunnery or the court, |
||
106 |
God or Lord Lacy: which contents you best, |
|
To be a nun or else Lord Lacy's wife? |
||
108 |
||
Lacy. A good motion. − Peggy, your answer must |
= suggestion or
proposal, ie. "well put!" |
|
110 |
be short. |
|
112 |
Marg. The flesh is frail: My lord doth know it
well, |
= cf. Matthew 26:41:
"the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak;" ie. the
spirit, which fully knows what is the proper course
to take, cannot help but fall subordinate to the physical desires of the
body. |
That when he comes with his enchanting face, |
||
114 |
Whate'er betide, I cannot say him nay. |
= happens. |
Off goes the habit of a maiden's heart, |
115: habit
refers to the "customary reserve" which |
|
116 |
And, seeing fortune will, fair
Fremingham, |
= "seeing what
personified Fortune wants for me". |
And all the show of holy nuns, farewell! |
||
118 |
Lacy for me, if he will be my lord. |
|
120 |
Lacy. Peggy, thy lord, thy love, thy husband. |
|
Trust me, by truth of knighthood, that
the king |
= an oath, ie. Lacy
swears on his very knighthood. |
|
122 |
Stays for to marry
matchless Elinor, |
= is waiting. |
Until I bring thee richly to the court, |
||
124 |
That one day may both marry her and thee.
− |
|
How say'st thou, Keeper? Art thou glad of
this? |
||
126 |
||
Keep. As if the English king
had given |
127: a short line; As
= ie. "as glad as". |
|
128 |
The park and deer of Fressingfield to me. |
|
130 |
Erms. I pray thee, my Lord of Sussex,
why art thou |
= "please tell
me". |
in a brown study? |
= ie. in an
(obviously) funky mood, in dark meditation. |
|
132 |
||
War. To see the nature of
women; that be they |
133-4: that
they…God = "that no matter how close a |
|
134 |
never so near God, yet they love to die
in a man's |
= die has a
secondary - or here perhaps primary - meaning |
arms. |
of "orgasm"; Warren's lament,
ruing the fickleness of |
|
136 |
||
Lacy. What have you fit for breakfast? We have hied |
= prepared.2 |
|
138 |
And posted all this night to Fressingfield. |
137-8: didn't Warren
just mention the need to hurry back to |
140 |
Marg. Butter and cheese, and umbles of a deer, |
= hunting term for the
innards or organs of a deer.20 |
Such as poor keepers have within their lodge. |
||
142 |
||
Lacy. And not a bottle of wine? |
143: Lacy really likes
his wine; he made sure to have wine |
|
144 |
available when he visited Margaret in
Scene VIII.158. |
|
Marg. We'll find one for my lord. |
||
146 |
||
Lacy. Come, Sussex, let us in: we shall have more, |
= go inside. |
|
148 |
For she speaks least, to hold her promise
sure. |
148: she promises
little, in order to make sure she can keep |
any promise she makes.4 |
||
150 |
[Exeunt.] |
|
SCENE XV. |
||
Somewhere in Europe. |
The scene location is
the editor's. |
|
Enter a Devil seeking
Miles. |
||
1 |
Devil. How restless are the ghosts of hellish sprites, |
= spirits. |
2 |
When every charmer with his magic
spells |
= sorcerer. |
Calls us from nine-fold-trenchèd
Phlegethon, |
= summons. = Phlegethon was one of the rivers
of Hades, |
|
4 |
To scud and over-scour the earth in
post |
= synonyms for
"moving hurriedly across".1 = in haste. |
Upon the speedy wings of swiftest winds! |
||
6 |
Now Bacon hath raised me from the darkest
deep, |
|
To search about the world for Miles his man, |
||
8 |
For Miles, and to torment his lazy bones |
= body;1,4
the use here of lazy bones is not quite the |
For careless watching of his Brazen
Head. |
= negligent.1 |
|
10 |
See where he comes: O, he is mine. |
|
12 |
Enter Miles in a gown
and a corner-cap. |
12: Miles is dressed
in his scholar's outfit; he has been searching, without success, for a job. |
14 |
Miles. A scholar, quoth you! marry, sir, I would I |
= "say
you!" = wish. |
had been made a bottle-maker when I was
made a |
= a man in the
business of producing bottles, which in that |
|
16 |
scholar; for I can get neither to be a deacon,
reader, |
= ie. "not get a
job as either". |
nor schoolmaster, no, not the clerk of a
parish. Some |
= an administrative
officer of a parish church, basically a |
|
18 |
call me a dunce; another saith my head is as
full of |
|
Latin as an egg's full of oatmeal: thus I am |
= that is, not at all:
Miles' poor Latin skills (for which Bacon criticized him in Scene V.41-42)
have caused him to be unemployable in academic and religious circles. |
|
20 |
tormented, that the devil and Friar Bacon
haunt me. |
|
− Good Lord, here's one of my master's
devils! I'll |
||
22 |
go speak to him. − What, Master
Plutus, how cheer |
22: Master
Plutus = Miles has once again misspoken: he |
you? |
should have addressed
the Devil as Pluto (the name of the |
|
24 |
god of the
underworld), rather than Plutus (the name of the god of wealth). |
|
Devil. Dost
thou know me? |
||
26 |
||
Miles. Know you, sir! why, are not you one of my |
||
28 |
master's devils, that were wont to come
to my |
= used to, were
accustomed to. |
master, Doctor Bacon, at Brazen-nose? |
||
30 |
||
Devil. Yes, marry, am I. |
||
32 |
||
Miles. Good Lord, Master Plutus, I have seen you
a |
||
34 |
thousand times at my master's, and yet I had
never |
|
the manners to make you drink. But,
sir, I am glad |
= ie. offer. |
|
36 |
to see how conformable
you are to the statute. − |
36: the
Devil is dressed modestly, conforming to Elizabethan |
I warrant you, he's as yeomanly a man
as you shall |
= like a yeoman, ie. a
small landholder, vaguely referring to |
|
38 |
see: mark you, masters, here's a plain
honest man, |
= "observe,
gentlemen". |
without welt or guard. − But I pray you, sir, do you |
39: without welt
or guard = Greene here introduces to |
|
40 |
come lately from hell? |
= recently. |
42 |
Devil. Ay, marry: how then? |
= "what about
it?" |
44 |
Miles. Faith, 'tis a place I have desired long to see: |
|
have you not good tippling-houses
there? May not a |
= taverns. |
|
46 |
man have a lusty fire there, a pot
of good ale, a pair |
= strong.1 =
common word for a drinking vessel. =
pack.7 |
of cards, a swingeing piece of chalk,
and a brown |
= a large (swingeing)1
piece of chalk, for keeping track of |
|
48 |
toast that will clap a white waistcoat
on a cup of |
customers' tabs on a slate. |
good drink? |
47-49: a brown toast…drink
= Miles refers to the |
|
50 |
custom of topping a warmed drink of wine
or spiced ale |
|
Devil. All this you may have there. |
||
52 |
||
Miles. You are for me, friend, and I am for you. |
= "we are
well-suited for each other" (Ward). |
|
54 |
But I pray you, may I not have an office
there! |
= a position or job;
Miles remembers he is unemployed! |
56 |
Devil. Yes, a thousand: what wouldst thou be? |
|
58 |
Miles. By my troth, sir, in a place
where I may |
= "truly",
"by my faith". |
profit
myself. I know hell is a hot place, and men are |
= advance. |
|
60 |
marvellous dry, and much drink is spent there;
I |
|
would be a tapster. |
||
62 |
||
Devil. Thou shall. |
||
64 |
||
Miles. There's nothing lets me from going with you, |
= obstructing,
keeping. |
|
66 |
but that 'tis a long journey, and I have never
a horse. |
|
68 |
Devil. Thou shalt ride on my back. |
|
70 |
Miles. Now surely here's a courteous devil, that, for |
70: in order. |
to pleasure his friend, will not stick
to make a jade of |
= hesitate. = contemptuous term for a worn-out horse. |
|
72 |
himself. − But I pray you, goodman
friend, let me |
= title for one of
status below gentleman; Miles, we |
move a question to you. |
= put. |
|
74 |
||
Devil. What's that? |
||
76 |
||
Miles. I pray you, whether is your pace a trot or an |
= a trot is
gait somewhere between a walk and a run;1 it |
|
78 |
amble? |
is a two-beat gait, in which the
diagonally-opposed legs |
move together.35 |
||
80 |
Devil. An amble. |
|
82 |
Miles. 'Tis well; but take heed
it be not a trot: but 'tis |
= "that's
fine." = "take care",
"be warned": it is unclear |
no matter, I'll prevent it. |
= anticipate. |
|
84 |
|
|
[Puts on spurs.] |
||
86 |
||
Devil. What dost? |
87: "what are you
doing?" |
|
88 |
||
Miles. Marry, friend, I put on my spurs; for if I find |
||
90 |
your pace either a trot or else uneasy, I'll
put you to a |
|
false gallop;
I'll make you feel the benefit of my |
= a canter, or easy
gallop;1 this gait is faster than a trot, |
|
92 |
spurs. |
basically the familiar three-beat pace of western
movies |
and music. In a
canter, the horse's four legs will simultaneously be off the ground; (the
last and fastest gait, of course, is the gallop).35 |
||
94 |
Devil. Get up upon my back. |
|
96 |
[Miles mounts on
the devil's back.] |
|
98 |
Miles. O Lord, here's even a goodly marvel, when a |
|
man rides to hell on the devil's back! |
||
100 |
||
[Exeunt, the Devil
roaring.] |
101: Miles digs his
spurs into the flanks of Devil, who |
|
SCENE XVI. |
||
At Court. |
Scene XVI: the double-wedding having been concluded, the
scene opens with a formal procession entering the stage, presumably directly
from the church or chapel. |
|
Enter in a Procession: |
||
1. first the Emperor with a pointless sword;
|
= the sword without a
point represents mercy.8 The reference |
|
2. next the King of Castile carrying a sword |
2-3: the pointed
sword represents justice.8 |
|
with a point; |
||
3. Lacy carrying the globe; |
= the golden orb, a
symbol of sovereignty.1 |
|
4. Prince Edward; |
||
5. Warren carrying a rod of gold with a
dove on it; |
= the gold rod
represents equity;8 the dove signifies the |
|
6. Ermsby with a crown and scepter; |
"sanctifying power of the Holy
Ghost" (Ward). |
|
7. Princess Elinor, with… |
||
8. Margaret Countess of Lincoln on her left
hand; |
||
9. King Henry; |
||
10. Bacon; |
||
11. and Lords attending. |
||
1 |
Pr. Edw.
Great potentates,
earth's miracles for state, |
= with respect to
power or authority.4 |
2 |
Think that Prince Edward humbles
at your feet, |
= realize, understand.2 =
"prostrates himself".4 |
And, for these favours, on his martial sword |
||
4 |
He vows perpetual homage to yourselves, |
|
Yielding these honours unto Elinor. |
||
6 |
||
K. Hen.
Gramercies, lordings; old Plantagenet, |
= thanks. = meaning himself; Henry was 47 when Edward
|
|
8 |
That rules and sways the Albion
diadem, |
= rules and sways
are synonyms. = English crown. |
With tears discovers these conceivèd
joys, |
= displays.1 =
"joys conceived by him".4 |
|
10 |
And vows requital, if his men-at-arms, |
= to repay or
reward. = soldiers. |
The wealth of England, or due honours done |
||
12 |
To Elinor, may quite his favourites.
− |
= can possibly
repay. = Dyce wonders if this should
read |
But all this while what say you to the dames |
13-14: Henry now
addresses the Emperor. |
|
14 |
That shine like to the crystal lamps of
Heaven? |
= the stars in the
sky. |
16 |
Emp. If but a third were added to these two, |
= ie. a third woman of
comparable beauty. |
They did surpass those gorgeous images |
= would. |
|
18 |
That gloried Ida with rich beauty's wealth. |
17-18: the Emperor alludes to the myth known as "The |
Judgment of
Paris": our most frequently referred-to Trojan prince was selected by
the three goddesses Juno (queen of the gods), Venus (the goddess of beauty)
and Minerva (the goddess of warfare and wisdom) to decide which of them was
the most beautiful. To influence his decision, Juno offered Paris the throne
of Asia; Venus, the most beautiful woman on earth; and Minerva (Athena in
Greek), immortal fame in war. Paris decided on Venus, was rewarded with
possession of the Spartan queen Helen, and the rest, as is they say, was
history. |
||
20 |
Marg. 'Tis I, my lords, who humbly on my knee |
|
Must yield her orisons to mighty Jove |
= prayers. = God. |
|
22 |
For lifting up his handmaid to this
state; |
= raising (in rank). |
Brought from her homely cottage to the
court, |
= humble. |
|
24 |
And graced with kings, princes, and
emperors, |
= honoured by.4 |
To whom (next to the noble Lincoln
Earl) |
= after only. |
|
26 |
I vow obedience, and such humble love |
|
As may a handmaid to such mighty men. |
||
28 |
||
Elin. Thou martial man that wears the Almain crown, |
29: in this line,
Elinor specifically addresses Frederick, the |
|
30 |
And you the western potentates of might, |
|
The Albion princess, English Edward's wife, |
31: Elinor refers to
herself. |
|
32 |
Proud that the lovely star
of Fressingfield, |
= ie. is proud. |
Fair Margaret, Countess to the Lincoln Earl, |
||
34 |
Attends on Elinor, − gramercies, lord,
for her, − |
33-34: Elinor is
announcing that Margaret will serve as one of her ladies-in-waiting; it was
the custom of the royal family to be attended by the sons and daughters of
the highest-ranking nobles of the land; as the wife of Lacy, the Earl of
Lincoln, Margaret would consider it a great honour to serve the princess and
future queen of England. |
'Tis I give thanks for Margaret to you all, |
||
36 |
And rest for her due bounden to yourselves. |
36: "and remain
obliged to you all for the favour of |
bestowing Margaret on me." |
||
38 |
K. Hen.
Seeing the marriage is
solémnizèd, |
|
Let's march in triumph to the royal feast,
− |
||
40 |
But why stands Friar Bacon here so mute? |
|
42 |
Bacon. Repentant for the follies of my youth, |
|
That magic's secret mysteries misled, |
43: another line of
interesting alliteration. |
|
44 |
And joyful that this royal marriäge |
|
Portends
such bliss unto this matchless realm. |
= signifies, is an
omen of. = unsurpassed, unparalleled. |
|
46 |
||
K. Hen.
Why, Bacon, |
||
48 |
What strange event shall happen to this land? |
|
Or what shall grow from Edward and his queen? |
||
50 |
||
Bacon. I find by deep prescíënce of mine art, |
51: "I can see,
thanks to my magic, (that) in the future". In this his last speech,
Friar Bacon predicts the rise of Queen Elizabeth, whom he praises
effusively, primarily through comparing her to a glorious flower that surpasses
all other plants in beauty and magnificence; prescience, trisyllabic,
is stressed on the second syllable: pre-SCI-ence. |
|
52 |
Which once I tempered in my secret
cell, |
= honed, worked.2 |
That here where Brute did build his Troynovant, |
53: ie. "that here
in England where Brute founded London". |
|
54 |
From forth the royal garden of a king |
|
Shall flourish out so rich and fair a bud, |
55: Bacon begins his
panegyric to Elizabeth; for the record, she was a direct descendant of Henry
III, appearing exactly 10 generations later. |
|
56 |
Whose brightness shall deface proud Phœbus'
flower, |
= obliterate, ie.
outshine (in beauty).1 = ie. the hyacinth; the god Apollo
(aka Phoebus) loved the youth Hyacinthus; but the wind god Zephrus,
who also loved the boy, and jealous of Apollo's attention, caused a discus
that Hyacinthus and Apollo were throwing to veer and kill Hyacinthus; from
the youth's blood sprang the flower. |
And over-shadow Albion with her
leaves. |
= cast a protective
shadow over.1
= England. |
|
58 |
Till then Mars shall be master of the field, |
58-59: ie. "there
will be many wars, peace only returning |
But then the stormy threats of wars shall
cease: |
to the realm on the ascension of
Elizabeth." Mars, of |
|
60 |
The horse shall stamp as careless of the pike, |
60: ie. war horses
will be able to roam unconcerned about having to fight; the pike was
the quintessential Medieval pole-arm, basically a long thrusting spear.32
|
Drums shall be turned to timbrels of delight; |
61: war drums shall be
used as tambourines (timbrels). |
|
62 |
With wealthy favours plenty shall
enrich |
= ie. "she
shall". |
The strand that gladded wandering Brute
to see, |
63: "the shores
that filled the wandering Brute with joy (when he finally landed on
them)". |
|
64 |
And peace from Heaven shall harbour in these
leaves |
|
That gorgeous beautify this matchless flower: |
65: "(the leaves)
which gorgeously make the peerless flower |
|
66 |
Apollo's heliotropion then shall stoop, |
66: Apollo's
heliotropion = a reference to the story of the maiden Clytie,
whose love for the sun-god was unreciprocated; desperate, she laid out in the
open naked for nine consecutive days, her face always following the sun,
until she was turned into a heliotrope, which is the name for any
flower, like a sunflower, which turns continuously to follow the sun. |
And Venus' hyacinth shall vail her
top; |
67: Venus'
hyacinth = ie. the lily, a symbol of Venus; or, an allusion to the
story of Adonis, the beautiful young man beloved by Venus; while
hunting, Adonis was killed by a boar, and Venus, distraught, dripped nectar
onto his flowing blood, from which sprung beautiful purple flowers (perhaps
the first anemone, or the hyacinth). |
|
68 |
Juno shall shut her gilliflowers up, |
68: Juno was
associated with flowers generally, but she has no particular connection to
the gilliflower, a term applied to the clove-pink, a type of
carnation, mentioned in line 70.1 |
And Pallas' bay shall bash her
brightest green; |
69: Pallas' bay
= the bay, or laurel, tree was more associated with Apollo than with
Athena (Pallas), whose sacred tree was the olive tree. |
|
70 |
Ceres' carnation, in consort with those, |
70: Ceres'
carnation = Ceres is the goddess of the earth in its capacity
to grow grain, fruits, vegetables, etc., but there is no clear myth
associating her with the carnation; perhaps, as Collins suggests, Bacon means
the poppy, or even the reddish hue of ripened corn (a grain Ceres was
particularly associated with). |
Shall stoop and wonder at Diana's rose. |
= Diana was one
of the Olympian deities, and was known as the
goddess of hunting and chastity; she was also associated with the goddess of
the moon, and as such was often referred to as Cynthia; Ward points
out that in literature of the time, Queen Elizabeth was often referred to as
Diana and Cynthia. |
|
72 |
||
K. Hen.
This prophecy is mystical.
− |
= allegorical, has a
deep meaning.4 |
|
74 |
But, glorious commanders of Europa's love, |
74: as Dyce notes,
this line (another alexandrine) does not make particular sense; Europa's
love was Jupiter: the reference is to the beautiful maiden (Europa)
so beloved by Jupiter that he turned himself into a bull, persuaded Europa to
climb on top of him, then carried her away over the sea to the island of
Crete, where he raped her; but if we assume the line is correct, then Henry
is perhaps suggesting that the monarchs before him are somehow commanders of
God (Jupiter), or perhaps beloved by God, or perhaps Europa's love simply
means "Europe". |
That make fair England like that wealthy
isle |
= ie. the garden of
Eden. |
|
76 |
Circled
with Gihon and swift Euphrates, |
76: Circled
= encircled. |
In royalizing Henry's Albion |
||
78 |
With presence of your princely mightiness:
− |
|
Let 's march: the tables all are spread, |
||
80 |
And viands, such as England's wealth affords, |
= ie. food. = provides. |
Are ready set to furnish out the boards. |
81: are ready to be
set on the tables (boards). |
|
82 |
You shall have welcome, mighty potentates: |
|
It rests to furnish up this royal
feast, |
= remains only. |
|
84 |
Only your hearts be
frolic; for the time |
= so long as, provided
that. |
Craves
that we taste of naught but jouissance. |
= requires. = nothing.
= enjoyment, pleasure.7 |
|
86 |
Thus glories England over all the west. |
|
88 |
[Exeunt omnes.] |
88: all exit. |
90 |
Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. |
90: from the Ars
Poetica by Horace, the 1st century B.C. Roman poet: "He who can
blend usefulness and sweetness wins every / Vote, at once delighting and
teaching the reader."36 |
Postscript: the
Eleanor Crosses: Princess Eleanor (our
Elinor) and Edward, the Prince of Wales, were married in 1254, the couple not
succeeding to the throne of England until Henry's death in 1272. Eleanor
passed away in November 1290 in Nottinghamshire. After her embalmment, her
corpse was returned to London in a procession which began in Lincoln. Edward
later caused to be erected in each of a dozen cities along the route the
queen's cortège had taken an elaborate stone or marble monument;24
three of the original famous Eleanor crosses still stand today, at
Geddington, Hardingstone, and Waltham Cross. |
||
Greene's Invented Words |
||
Like all of the
writers of the era, Robert Greene made up words when he felt like it, usually
by adding prefixes and suffixes to known words, combining words, or using a
word in a way not yet used before. The following is a list of words from Friar
Bacon and Friar Bungay that are indicated by the OED as being either the
first or only use of a given word, or, as noted, the first use with a given
meaning: |
||
amort |
||
bad-boding |
||
baffle (meaning to cheat or
fool) |
||
cabbalism |
||
charm (with from,
meaning to dissuade) |
||
twopenny chop |
||
college-mate |
||
consorting
(as an adjective) |
||
corrival
(meaning companion, without the sense of competition) |
||
countermatch
(meaning rival) |
||
covey (meaning set or
group) |
||
crowned
(as part of a compound, referring to a hat or cap) |
||
Danzig |
||
deep-commanding |
||
deface (meaning outshine) |
||
dive (with into,
meaning to plunge one's hand into) |
||
efficiat |
||
egg pie |
||
exceed (meaning to have more
than usual at a meal) |
||
excellence
(as a title, as in your excellence) |
||
fast-fancied |
||
geomantic |
||
how goes it?
(the phrase) |
||
greet (as a noun, meaning
greeting) |
||
hamper (meaning to fasten) |
||
hemera |
||
Hesperides |
||
high-built |
||
hydromantic |
||
imagery
(meaning physical form) |
||
juggle (meaning to
transform) |
||
latest (meaning most
advanced in time) |
||
lecture
(as a verb) |
||
next (used with a day of
the week) |
||
ninneversity / niniversity |
||
over-scour |
||
overwatch
(meaning to keep watch througout the night) |
||
Paduan (referring to a
native of Padua) |
||
paggle |
||
stand upon points (the phrase) |
||
a pox on etc. (used as a curse) |
||
prince (used as a verb) |
||
prize (meaning to risk) |
||
punctum |
||
pyromantic |
||
quip (meaning
equivocation) |
||
ringed (meaning encircled
by) |
||
sacerdos |
||
scold it out
(phrase) |
||
sheat |
||
shelves of (applied
to margarites or oysters) |
||
smother
(meaning to cover in a suffocating manner) |
||
snap off
(meaning to drink quickly) |
||
stapled
(as an adjective) |
||
subsizer |
||
suspense
(meaning delay) |
||
swingeing
(meaning large) |
||
terrae filius |
||
toss off
(meaning to drink energetically) |
||
vagabond
(meaning rascally) |
||
veny (meaning a bout in
fencing) |
||
veriment
(as an adjective) |
||
without welt or guard (phrase) |
||
FOOTNOTES |
||
Footnotes in the text correspond as
follows: 1. Oxford English Dictionary
(OED) online. 2. Crystal, David and Ben. Shakespeare's
Words. London; New York: Penguin, 2002. 3. Dyce, Alexander. The Works of
Christopher Marlowe. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1876. 4. Ward, Adolphus William, ed. Old
English Dramas, Select Plays. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1892. 5. Collins, J. Churton. The Plays and
Poems of Robert Greene. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1905. 6. Seltzer, Daniel. Friar Bacon and
Friar Bungay. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963. 7. Nimmo, William P. The Works of the
British Dramatists. Edinburgh: Murray and Gibb, 1870. 8. Dickinson, Thomas H. Robert Greene.
London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1909? 9. Sugden, Edward. A Topographical
Dictionary to the Works of Shakespeare and His
Fellow Dramatists. Manchester: The
University Press, 1925. 10. Smith, W., ed. A Dictionary of
Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray,
1849. 11. Wilson, John M. The Imperial
Gazetteer of England and Wales. London: A. Fullarton & Co., 1870. 12. The Encyclopedia Britannica.
11th edition. New York: 1911. 13. Rees, Abraham. The Cyclopaedia,
or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. London: Printed
for Longman, Hurst, etc., 1819. 14. Latin Office Website. Sicut
erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. Retrieved
4/29/2018: https://latinoffice.org/2014/11/16/sicut-erat-in-princi pio-et-nunc-et-semper-et-in-saecula-saeculorum-amen/. 15. Henke, James T. Courtesans and
Cuckolds. New York: Garland Publishing, 1979. 16. Humphries, Rolfe, trans. Ovid. Metamorphoses.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983. 17. Skeat, Walter W. A Glossary of
Tudor and Stuart Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914. 18. Encyclopӕdia Britannica
Website. Isle of Ely. Retrieved 4/04/2018:
www.britannica.com/place/Isle-of-Ely. 19. Bailey, N. et al. Dictionarium
Britannicum. London: the Lamb, 1730. 20. Nares, Robert et al. A Glossary,
etc. London: Reeves and Turner, 1888. 21. Johnson, Samuel. A Dictionary of
the English Language, 6th Ed. London: Printed for J.F. and C. Rivington,
etc., 1785. 22. Rawle, Francis, ed. Bouvier's Law
Dictionary, 8th ed. Kansas City: Vernon Law Book Company, 1914. 23. Bank of England Website. Inflation
Calculator. Retrieved 5/08/2018:
www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation. 24. Stephen, Leslie, and Lee, Sydney,
eds. Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder and Co.,
1885-1900. 25. Gent, E.B. A New Dictionary of
the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew. London: Printed for W.
Hawes, etc., 1696.
26. The Pirate King Website. Complete List of Sailing Vessels.
Retrieved 5/09/2018: www.thepirateking.com/ships/ship_types.htm 27. Bechtel, John H. A Dictionary of
Mythology. Philadelphia: The Penn
Publishing Company, 1899. 28. Metford, J.C.J. Dictionary of
Christian Lore and Legend. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1983. 29. Blackstone, William. Commentaries
of English Law, 7th Edition. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1775. 30. Sharpe, John, trans. William
Malmesbury's Chronicle of the History of England. London: Henry G. Bohn,
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Polearms. Retrieved 5/20/2018: www.weapons-universe.com/Swords/Medieval_
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Shield of Rome: Fabius Cunctator. Retrieved 5/20/2018:
www.warhistoryonline.com/ancient-history/shield-rome-fabius-cunctator- m.html 34. Hosley, Richard, ed. The Tragedy
of Romeo and Juliet. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1917. 35. Horses and Horse Information website.
Horse Gaits. Retrieved 5/25/2018:
www.horses-and-horse-information.com/articles/horse-gaits.shtml. 36. Poetry in Translation
website. Horace: Ars Poetica. Retrieved 5/28/2018.
www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/HoraceArsPoetica.php#anchor_Toc98156250. 37. Early English Laws Website.
Forest Law. Retrieved 5/25/2018:
www.earlyenglishlaws.ac.uk/reference/essays/forest-law/. 38. Encyclopӕdia Britannica
Website. Roger Bacon. Retrieved 6/09/2018:
www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-Bacon. |
||